GeoScience Engineering. 2021, vol. 67

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/143046

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Now showing 1 - 18 out of 18 results

Measuring Magnetic Susceptibility to Determine Deposits in Field Archaeological Research at the Mikulčice Site : Use of magnetic susceptibility in field archaeological research
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Šindelář, Jiří; Mazuch, Marian; Hladík, Marek
The submitted paper presents the possibilities of specific use of a simple geophysical method in the conditions of an ongoing archaeological excavation. It demonstrates an effective (i.e., quick, inexpensive, and beneficial) method that greatly enhances the knowledge gained from archaeological context analysis and thus contributes to a more accurate interpretation of the excavated portion of the historic strata. For example, field measurements of magnetic susceptibility can help to correctly interpret the genesis of individual layers, to distinguish individual phases in a visually indistinguishable stratum, or to indicate layers (and stone walls) that have undergone heating, etc. A detailed geophysical measurement of magnetic susceptibility was carried out on a section with archaeologically excavated relics of fortifications on the outskirts of the early medieval Mikulčice – Valy hillfort and the results were then critically confronted with the archaeological interpretation. This mutual multidisciplinary approach is also methodologically significant. Geophysics reveals certain information that is invisible to the archaeologist's eye, and may provide important clues to the correct interpretation of the archaeological context. Archaeological research, in turn, provides more precise information on the reasons and possible source of changes in magnetic susceptibility values of different layers and materials.
Use of Polymeric Energy Absorption Liners to Improve the Concrete Rock Fall Barriers
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Kömürlü, Eren
In this study, usability of polymer foam coatings on impact surfaces of concrete rock fall barriers to increase the energy absorption capacity performances was investigated with a series of experimental studies. For this purpose, impact tests were carried out on different concrete block samples within the laboratory tests. According to the results, it was determined that the displacement values of the barrier blocks due to the impact effect can be significantly reduced by using polymer energy absorption liners. Additionally, cracks and failures of the concrete block bodies resulting from high impact energies can be prevented by the polymer energy absorption liners. It was assessed that a polyurethane based thermoset foam coating with a density of 60 kg/m3 can economically and remarkably improve the concrete barriers against impact loads.
Testing Polygon for Simulated Vertical Displacement Measurements based on Co-located InSAR Corner Reflector and GNSS Station
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Struhár, Juraj; Kačmařík, Michal; Hlaváčová, Ivana; Lazecký, Milan; Rapant, Petr
With the growing availability of accurate and long-term measurements of displacements of technical infrastructure elements, there is a growing interest in the automated processing of acquired data. Various methods can be used for monitoring; however, radar interferometry and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements are among the best for long-term monitoring. GNSS allows for continuous monitoring of individual points, while radar interferometry allows only periodic data collection but with an areal coverage. Radar interferometry can also reach a better precision under certain conditions; therefore, it appears to be more appropriate. Automated systems are being developed that allow not only to process radar data but also to detect anomalies in vertical displacement. It is advisable to have a testing polygon for their verification, enabling the comparison of the automated processing of radar interferometry with an independent GNSS measurement. In autumn 2019, a testing polygon was built at the Department of Geoinformatics, HGF VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, consisting of three corner reflectors. Two are fixed, but one, complemented by a GNSS receiver, has an adjustable height. The article describes its construction and presents the first results of comparing automated radar interferometry processing with GNSS measurements.
Extreme Rainfall-Runoff Events Modeling by HEC-HMS Model for Koudiet Rosfa Watershed, Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Haddad, Ali; Remini, Boualem
Changing of precipitation regime and intensification of extreme storms in semi-arid regions because of climate change requires the use of numerical models to forecast the outlet hydrographs. In this paper, HEC-HMS software was applied using a loss method the curve number CN to estimate the precipitation excess and a parametric unit hydrograph model to compute the transformation of precipitation excess into direct runoff over the watershed. The Muskingum-Cunge routing model was used to simulate the propagation of direct runoff through the main streams of Koudiet Rosfa watershed. The curve number CN and lag time parameters were used to calibrate the model towards several storms. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) was adopted to assess the performance of the model to reproduce the observed hydrographs. Volume of the storms, peak discharges, times of peak and times of center of mass between the simulated and observed discharges were used to validate the model. The simulated discharges reproduce the hydrological events. The calibrated model was used to simulate the different hypothetical storms that could occur in the future in order to ensure the safety of Koudiet Rosfa dam towards extreme rainfall-runoff events.
Analysis of the Geothermal Energy Utilization of Mine Water from Rožná I Mine, Czech Republic
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Vokurka, Michal; Kunz, Antonín; Zapletal, Pavel; Klimesch, Marek; Paulíková, Katarína; Sládek, Vít; Sobotka, Jiří
The paper presents an analysis focused on the possibility of using geothermal energy from the Rožná I Uranium Mine through mine water as a heat source. The Rožná I Uranium Mine makes part of the Rožná deposit, whose rock mass cannot be considered homogeneous in terms of geothermal energy utilization, but heterogeneous, where there are positive and negative influences, the so-called geo-factors of geothermal energy utilization. The possibility of geothermal energy exploitation was assessed based on available materials and background information. The main parameters are the thermal conductivity coefficients of the rock mass, the ground heat flux of the area, the geothermal degree or its inverse value, the geothermal gradient. The exploitability of the geothermal potential of the mine water was determined using several calculations. This availability was assessed both in terms of the maximum achievable thermal output in combination with a heat pump and the long-term sustainability of this output.
Integrated Geophysical Investigation of River Ogun Floodplain, Papalanto, Southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Ualeye, Olumayowa Temitope; Oladunjoye, Michael Adeyinka; Adefehinti, Afolabi Treasure
A geophysical investigation that involves the integration of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI), and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) methods was conducted on Papalanto, Ogun River floodplain, a location underlain by sedimentary terrain of Southwestern Nigeria. This research aimed to image the underground lithological units and delineate the shallow geologic structures in order to characterize the area for agricultural suitability throughout the dry season. VES results typically outlined three geologic layers which are topsoil, saturated loamy clay, and alluvium. From 2D inverted resistivity results, three major geologic layers, namely topsoil, saturated loamy clay, and alluvium, were outlined and are in very good agreement with the results attained through VES. The first three layers of 3D inverted resistivity sections display a great amount of variation in the distribution of resistivity at superficial depth, made up of low resistive content. From the GPR survey, three geologic layers were also outlined from the results, namely the topsoil, saturated loamy clay, and alluvium. Consequently, the study location can be said to be semi-competent to competent luxuriant farming land in consideration of the resistivity distribution of the floodplain subsurface. Therefore, VES, ERI, and GPR are very effective geophysical methods for describing and classifying the shallow subsurface in reference to the measured physical properties. Hence, they should be applied in related geophysical investigations for better insight into the geology of the subsurface.
Shutter of the Artesanian Well Gushing Abandons in Monzoungoudo, Benin
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Hountondji, Babilas; Codo, François de Paule; Aina, Martin Pépin
The artesian well of Monzoungoudo has been abandoned since 2005. The non-mastery of artesianism springing up at this water point constitutes a waste of the resource and has caused environmental damage. It is a question of an uncontrolled flow of the artesian well induced by the depressurization of the aquifer, resulting in a potential loss of capacity of neighbouring wells and continuous flow of the well at the mouth of its casing. In contact of the recovered water with the surrounding soil, it may generate local flooding, gullying, soil subsidence, the formation of sinkholes and cause damage to the infrastructures located nearby. In addition, the water from the artesian aquifer on the surface migrates to the Monzoun River, while transporting suspended particles or contaminants encountered on its path. The receiving environment of this water could then be affected by an input of turbid water or various contaminants. All these reasons justify the validity of this study, which proposes to address the technique of plugging the abandoned artesian wells of Monzoungoudo in order to stop or control the gushing water.
Geophysical Investigation as an Aid to Understanding Complex Geological Terrain: A Case of Yikpata Transition Zone in Share, North-Central Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Danga, Onimisi Abdulmalik; Obasaju, Daniel Opemipo; Gomina, Ochu David; Ijaleye, Olumayowa Temitope; Adoze, Usman Jose
A geophysical method of investigation has been deployed in order to give a quick overview of the nature and the rapidly changing subsurface lithologies that characterized Yikpata, Share, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of nine (9) vertical electrical soundings (VES), using Schlumberger Array uniformly divided into three groups: basement, basement/sedimentary boundary and sedimentary terrain, and horizontal profiling (HP) using Wenner Array were deployed for this study. The study revealed variation in the subsurface resistivity, thus depicting changes in lithology/rock types along this basement-sedimentary contact zone. The interpretation revealed that the Basement Complex terrain consists of 3-4 geoelectric layers: the topsoil, the weathered, weathered/fractured basement and the fractured basement. Depths beyond ≥ 12 m where the fractured basement occurs can be target for groundwater exploration and structurally controlled mineralization. The resistivity values around the Basement/Sedimentary unconformity zone shows about 3 – 4 geoelectric layers. The resistivity values show remarkable characteristics of the basement and the sedimentary terrains and also reflect the rapidly changing subsurface geology in the area. In the sedimentary terrain, 4 geoelectric layers were delineated: Topsoil, clayey sand, sandy clay and clay. Geoelectric sections reveal the variation in the subsurface lithology laterally and vertically. The study has shown that the resistivity method can be an aid to understand complex geologic environments with rapidly changing subsurface geology. Also, the knowledge of the geology of an area is very important in order to make sensible geophysical interpretation.
Seed Rain of Selected Subsidence Basins in Karviná Region – Preliminary Results
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Plohák, Petr; Švehláková, Hana; Rajdus, Tomáš; Turčová, Barbora
Overall amount and quality of seeds reaching the area is an important factor in the development of plant communities in each habitat. It can be a significant source of diversity in anthropogenically disturbed areas. This study is focused on the survey of seed rain in habitats of waterlogged subsidence basins of the Karviná region, induced by deformations of overlying rocks in the area of deep coal mining. The density, species composition and dispersal strategies of captured seeds were monitored using funnel traps with a 35 cm diameter, fixed at a height of 0.5 m. A vegetation study was conducted to compare seed rain with above-ground vegetation using the Jaccard similarity index. Over 11 000 seeds of 27 plant species were captured in total. Seed rain was dominated by Salix alba species. Seed density varied significantly within individual sampling plots (7–12380 seeds/m2) with the average richness of four species. The diversity of above-ground vegetation was also low, with an average of 15 species per plot (100 m2). Similarity between seed rain and above-ground vegetation of subsidence basins is 27.6 % and 52 % within the woody species community. It is evident that the seed rain of waterlogged subsidence basins contains species of floodplain forests and wetland vegetation. On the other hand, invasive and expansive species identified both in seed rain and above-ground vegetation can potentially endanger the development of the succession of these habitats. The analysis of seed dispersal also shows a significant proportion of species of arid and mesic habitats.
An Investigation of Foam Concrete Usability as a Cavity Filler Material in Mining
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Kömürlü, Eren
Strength and deformability properties of different cavity filler materials of a phenolic foam, a polyurethane based foam and a foam concrete (FC) mix were investigated and compared in this study. Instead of using polymeric foam fillers, FC usage was found to supply better load bearing capacity and modulus of elasticity values. The fresh FC mixes consisting of cement, water and foaming agents are able to be filled into the mine cavities. In the cavity filling applications, typical polymer foams cause support reactions with low stiffnesses and let the rock mass at the roof to be loosened. A relatively stiff cavity filling material can help rock masses to bear itself by prevention of the loosening. To avoid excessive deformations of the rock masses, the deformation modulus is an important parameter as well as the strength property. The FC filler materials were found advantageous because of economical supply of improved load bearing capacities and stiffness values for controlling the rock mass convergences.
Geological and Geochemical Prospecting for Gold Mineralization in Bode-Saadu Axis, Southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Adebayo, Samuel; Obasaju, Daniel Opemipo
Geological and geochemical studies of gold mineralization in Bode-Saadu axis, Southwestern Basement Complex, Nigeria have been conducted in order to study their mode of occurrence, structural settings, pattern of distribution and potential. Geological studies reveal that granite and gneiss granite are the prominent rocks in the area and exist in the north-eastern, north-western and southwestern part of the area whereas mica and amphibole schist occur as low-lying exposure. Petrographic studies reveal spatial association between gold mineralization and the fractured zones. Geochemical studies show that the gold concentration in rocks and stream sediments from the region is low with the exception of a few areas with high values and is related to the occurrence of fissure in the northeast-west direction. The distribution pattern of gold in the region is skewed NE-SW, indicating that gold mineralization is structurally controlled.
When the Modifications Made to the Foggara Disturb the Environment
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Ghachi, Nourad; Remini, Boualem; Hamoudi, Saaed
This paper examines, for the first time, the consequences of modifications to the Foggara system on the environment. During our work and research missions carried out in the oases of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt during the last 20 years (period 2000–2020), we have observed new practices operated by land owners on the Foggara, namely changes introduced in different parts of the Foggara with the aim of improving the flow of the Foggara. Two materials, PVC and Cement, were introduced in the oases of Touat, Gourara and Tidikelt. The earthen Souagui were replaced by PVC and PEHD pipes and the earthen Madjens were changed to cement Madjens. These modifications turned out to be dramatic for the aesthetics and hydraulics of the Foggara. Such interferences may cause the disappearance of this ancestral heritage, and will have negative repercussions on tourism in the region.
The Effect of Setting the Operating Conditions of the Sampling Device on the Representative Sample of Coal
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Žurovec, David; Nečas, Jan; Rozbroj, Jiří; Hlosta, Jakub; Zegzulka, Jiří
Currently, emphasis is placed on the efficiency of process technology in the production of energy. Large energy corporations are forced to develop new and optimize existing technologies to reduce emission limits. In coal and biomass combustion technologies, it is important to continually monitor and evaluate the quality of input material. A sampling device is used to obtain a representative sample of the fuel from the continuous conveying process. In this research work, the effect of setting the operating conditions of the rotating sampling device for coal, which is intended for combustion, is investigated. From the operating tests, we found that the different settings of the sampling device (velocity, dimensional parameters) influence the quality and quantity of a representative sample of coal taken from the belt conveyor of the technological line.
Comparative Analysis of the Natural Gas Sector in Ukraine and the Czech Republic, Threats and Development Prospects
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Boiko, Oleksandr; Kunz, Antonín; Klempa, Martin; Bujok, Petr
The natural gas sector plays a significant role in the energy sector. In Ukraine, natural gas accounts for about 30 % of the total consumption of energy resources, while in the Czech Republic only about 16 %. The article presents a comparative analysis of the natural gas sector in Ukraine and the Czech Republic in 2010–2019. The dynamics of changes in the production and consumption of natural gas in the discussed countries is presented. The structure of primary energy consumption, including natural gas, in 2018 and 2019 was analyzed. The analysis also covered the import of natural gas to Ukraine and the Czech Republic for own demand. Ukraine still has to import natural gas to meet its own demand, but in recent years, there have been drastic changes in the import of natural gas – and import dependency decreased by about 24 % in the analyzed period [1,2]. On the other hand, in the Czech Republic, the import of natural gas fluctuated within a limited range, and the import dependence increased by about 27 % compared to 2010 [1,3,4]. The article also deals with the problems of the gas pipeline system supplying natural gas from Russia to European countries.
Investigation of Vertical Deformation around Trabzon Tide Gauge Station
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Yilmaz, Nazan; Demirsoy, Nilüfer
Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, the importance of deformation measurement is increasing. Measuring the shape and position changes of natural or artificial structures as a result of external factors are called deformation measurements. In order to determine deformations, geodetic control networks are generally established and measurements are made at various periods in these networks. Deformation analysis is performed using the point coordinates obtained by evaluating the measurements made. GPS is generally used for horizontal and vertical directions and precision levelling method is generally used for vertical direction only in determining deformation in geodetic control networks. Measurements made in different periods are tested with deformation models and it is investigated whether there is deformation in the passing time. In this study, we aimed to examine the vertical crust movements in and around the tide gauge station in Trabzon harbour area. For this purpose, in a leveling network established in the study area, precision levelling measurements were made in two periods, June 2020 (1st period) and October 2020 (2nd period). The measured height differences were adjusted according to the free network method. In both periods, the t-distributed inconsistent test was applied and an inconsistent measure was found for a single route. Adjustment was made by removing the inconsistent measurements found. We investigated whether there has been any movement in the network between two periods by using the θ2-criterion method, one of the static deformation model methods. The vertical movements that may occur between different periods have been determined and we investigated whether there is a vertical deformation around the tide gauge station. The calculations regarding the methods applied within the scope of the study were made using MATLAB program codes written by us.
Kinetic Study of Reaction between Dolomite Ore and Trioxonitrate (V) Acid (HNO3)
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Are, Comfort Temitope; Suleiman, Mohammed Abubakar Tanko; Yisa, Jonathan; Auta, Manase; Adekunle, Isaac
The leaching of dolomite (carbonate mineral of calcium and magnesium) in mineral acid such as HNO3is environmentally friendly withlow energy demands,and it has high capacity of processing both in low and high grade ore. The study ofthe reaction kinetics and mechanism of reaction between dolomite and HNO3 was investigated. The energy-dispersive X-rayspectroscopy (EDS) result showedthatIkpeshidolomite ore consistsof calcium (20.09 %), magnesium (13.93 %) and oxygen (65.99 %). The effect of HNO3concentration between 0.5 and2.5 M on the fraction of dolomite was studied,while the reaction temperature was between30 and70 °C;the reaction time was20 to 60min. Theresults show the fraction of dolomite that reacted in HNO3 increased asthe temperature and concentration increased. Reacted fraction of 0.995was achieved at 50 minreaction time, acid concentration of 2.5M, agitation speed of 250 revolution per minutes (rpm) and reaction temperature of 55 °C. The reaction mechanism followed product layer diffusion control of 1+2(1–x) –3(1–x)2/3= ktwith 0.915 reaction order ofhydrogen ion concentration and activation energy of 26.6 KJmol-1.
Three-Dimensional Non-Linear Analysis based on the Temporal Evolution of an RCC Dam Including the Alluvium Effect
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Adjadj, Mustapha; Aliouche, Yaaqoub; Meksaouine, Mohamed
This article discusses the seismic response of roller-compacted concrete dams by interpreting their behaviour under the effect of static and dynamic loads applied to a real case study: the Boussiaba dam. A three-dimensional finite element numerical modelling was undertaken using the Midas GTS- NX 2017 calculation code. The geometric model was established in Autocad taking into account the actual geomorphology of the terrain and the existing dam and then exported to GTS-NX. The dynamic solicitation, i. e. the earthquake, was generated from two accelerograms 0.25 g and 0.35 g amplitude respectively recorded in the Mila region located less than 20 km from the dam site. The initial static load being constituted by the dead weight, the water thrust and the sludge thrust at the bottom of the dam. Several reference points were chosen on the dam body to study the different parameters adopted. The results obtained during the dynamic numerical analysis show that the overall behaviour of the dam during earthquakes was satisfactory, without endangering the structural integrity of the structure.
Digital Archiving of Historical Water Utilization Structures Using an Interdisciplinary Method
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2021) Mudička, Štefan; Kello, Juraj; Matolák, Milan; Smelíková, Markéta; Smelík, Stanislav
Human effortsto regulate watercourses and the use of water energy in theirfavour goes backinto the past.Although historical water managementand utilizationstructures are the proof of that, only a small number of such structures have been preserved.The article deals with the appliedresearch of the use of modern geodetic laser scanning stations in combination with photogrammetric digital technologies forcreating technical documentation and digital visualization of historical structures and national cultural monuments.Specifically, in this case, we will focus on the water utilizationbuildings –the water mill and water sawmill in the National Open-Air Museum, Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Czech Republic.Digital twins created using modern technologiesmay well servenot only for geo-tourismpurposes but also as basis for potential futurereconstruction or redevelopment projects.

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