GeoScience Engineering. 2015, vol. 61

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/111317

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Now showing 1 - 20 out of 21 results

Influence of water temperature and salinity on pH during dry season in lower Dong Nai river system, Vietnam
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Dung, Dang Quoc; Duc, Pham Anh
This paper uses the gvSIG 2.2.0 software, IDW interpolation method, river and stream network data, and 36 sampling sites to build the maps of three monitored parameters such as pH, water temperature, and salinity in the Lower Dong Nai River system (2009–2010) in dry season. Based on an analysis of these maps and statistical assessment by using the R software, the correlations between pH, temperature, and salinity are clarified. The results show that the pH and temperature values have a tendency to decrease, whereas the salinity tends to increase annually. The pH value has good and significant correlations with the water temperature and salinity in both simple and multiple linear regression models. The results aim to provide a scientific reference for further research on the water environment in this area.
Assessment of blasting operations effects during highway tunnel construction
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Valášková, Veronika; Papán, Daniel; Drusa, Marián
Blasting operations are one of the fundamental parts of daily civil engineering. Drilling and blasting still remain the only possible ways of tunnelling in very adverse geological conditions. However, this method is a source of various disadvantages, the main one being tremors propagating through the geological environment which not only affect buildings, but also disturb the comfort of living in the vicinity of the source. Designing this procedure is mostly done using standardized empirical relations. This article shows the possibility of using a FEM technique in predicting blast effects. This approach is demonstrated in a simple case study on the impact of blasting operations on steel pipes.
The prospects of rainwater harvesting in the Ho CHi Minh City
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Lan Chi, Nguyên Thuy; Dao, Phan; Khanh Hoa, Hoang
Wisely using natural water resources to serve human needs plays a decisive role in ensuring water and food security. In the natural water cycle, rainwater is considered as a valuable renewable resource. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) for daily life and production is a simple but effective and also environmentally sound measure. It is also a positive solution in a climate change adaptation strategy. However, this resource is being wasted in our country in general and in the HCM City in particular. This paper provides an overview of the status of rainwater use in the world; the general situation, the potential of rainwater collection and a number of issues related to the potential of rainwater harvesting in the city. Some solutions to enhance the use of rainwater and improve water supply for city residents are also suggested in this discussion.
A model of clean water supply and improvement of enviromental sanitary condition at residential cluster in Mekong delta, Vietnam
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Lan Chi, Nguyên Thuy; Dao, Phan
In accordance with Decision 99/TTg dated 9/2/1996 and Decision 173/TTg dated 6/11/2001 of the Prime Minister regarding the construction program of residential clusters (residential flood free areas), these residential areas as constructed would be fully equipped with critical infrastructures and services such as water supply and drainage works, toilets with sanitary appropriateness, etc. to ensure environmental sanitary conditions in the residential clusters. However, the actual surveys done in residential clusters in the Mekong Delta show that many arising problems must be addressed to enable the local communities to have better living conditions and ensure the sanitary conditions and environmental safety.
Pyrolysis procesing of waste peanuts crisps
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Grycová, Barbora; Koutník, Ivan; Pryszcz, Adrian; Chamrádová, Kateřina
Wastes are the most frequent "by-product" of human society. The Czech Republic still has a considerable room for energy reduction and material intensiveness of production in connection with the application of scientific and technical expertise in the context of innovation cycles. Pyrolysis waste treatment is a promising alternative to the production of renewable hydrogen as a clean fuel. It can also reduce the environmental burden and the amount of waste in the environment at the same time. This paper presents the laboratory pyrolysis experiments of peanuts crisps waste to the final temperature of 800 °C. After the pyrolysis process of the selected waste a mass balance of the resulting products, off-line analysis of the pyrolysis gas and evaluation of solid residue in terms of adsorption properties and energy production and liquid products were carried out. The highest concentration of measured hydrogen (66 vol. %) was analysed during the 4th gas sampling at the temperature varying from 750 to 800 °C.
Building forecast maps of water quaůity for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang province, Vietnam
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Duc, Pham Anh; Duong, Truong Thi Thuy; Dung, Dang Quoc
This study aims to enhance the mapping of forecast for water quality assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. The data from 32 sites from main rivers and canals in an area of around 2,482 km2 in Tien Giang Province, Vietnam, were used for calculation and mapping. The ArcGIS 9.3 software, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method, hydrologic data, and water quality parameters in March (2010-2014) were applied to build the maps showing 2020 water quality predictions for main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province. The estimation was based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) with 6 parameters such as pH, total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T_N), and coliform. The results showed that water quality in the studied area in dry season will not be improved by the year 2020. The finding could be a scientific reference for the selection of effective approaches to improve water quality in main rivers and canals in Tien Giang Province.
Contribution to the study of flocculation of digestate
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Heviánková, Silvie; Souček, Radek; Kyncl, Miroslav; Surovcová, Naděžda
The paper deals with the intensification of separating the solid phase of digestate using flocculants only. The separated solid phase should subsequently be used in agriculture for fertilising. Flocculants (polyacrylamides) are difficult to biodegrade. In this respect, they should not deteriorate the properties of the solid phase and the flocculant dose must be as low as possible. The research aimed to identify the optimal cationic flocculant and its application procedure which would enable a dosage that would be both economically and ecologically acceptable. We tested 21 cationic flocculants of different charge density and molecular weight and 1 mixture of two selected flocculants (Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54) with the aim to discover the lowest possible dose of flocculating agent to achieve the effective aggregation of digestate particles. The lowest flocculant doses were obtained using the mixture of flocculants labelled Sokoflok 53 and Sokoflok 54 in 4:1 proportion, both of a low charge density and medium molecular weight, namely 14.54 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Stonava and namely 11.80 g/kg of total solids for a digestate from the biogas plant Vrahovice. The findings also reveal that flocculation is most effective during two-stage flocculant dosing at different mixing time and intensity.
The impact of selected dumps after mining and metallurgical activities on the air pollution situation
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Dombek, Václav; Gembalová, Lucie; Tomšej,Tomáš; Matýsek, Dalibor; Drobek. Leszek; Bzowski, Zbygniew; Ženatý, Lukáš; Seibert, Radim
The paper studies the possible influence of selected post-mining and air pollution on metallurgicaldumps at czech republic and polish sites on air pollution load in the region. The content of PAHs and heavy metals were determined in dust samples taken from surface dumps SZOTKÓWKA I "of KWK" JAS-MOS and ČSM. The obtained data were used for modeling pollution load around hald using models SYMOS'97. On the basis of the models was assessed the effect of hunger on both air pollution situation around in terms of PAHs, heavy metals and PM10.
CO2 utilization for mechanochemical carbonation of celestine
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Turianicová, Erika
Natural celestine (SrSO4) has been succesfully transformed into strontianite (SrCO3) via fast one-step mechanochemical carbonation utilizing gaseous CO2. The process was realized in the environment enriched with LiOH or NaOH additives. The mixtures were milled in a high-energy planetary ball mill for 40 min. The phases formed during the milling were characterized by different characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The presence or absence of carbon or sulphur in the products was confirmed by a CHNS analysis.
Documentation of landslides and inaccessible parts of a mine using an unmanned uav system and methods of digital terrestrial photogrammetry
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Vrublová, Dana; Kapica, Roman; Jiránková, Eva; Struś, Adam
Quite a big boom has recently been experienced in the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). In conjunction with dense matching system, it gives one a powerful tool for the creation of digital terrain models and orthophotomaps. This system was used for the documentation of landslides and inaccessible parts of the Nástup Tušimice mine in the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin (Czech Republic). The images were taken by the GATEWING X100 unmanned system that automatically executed photo flights an area of interest. For detailed documentation of selected parts of the mine, we used the method of digital terrestrial photogrammetry. The main objective was to find a suitable measurement technology for operational targeting of landslides and inaccessible parts of the mine, in order to prepare the basics for remediation work.
Reclamation of plant wastes (straw) and obtaining (nano) chips with bactericidal properties based on them
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Voropaeva, Nadezhda Leonidovna; Mukhin, Viktor Mikhailovich; Revina, Alexandra Anatolyevna; Busev, Sergey Alekseevich; Karpachev, Vladimir Vladimirovich
Rape, camelina, wheat and Jerusalem artichoke vegetable wastes (straw) as annually renewable raw materials were processed into activated carbons, which were modified with silver nanoparticles for carbonaceous sorbents to acquire specific properties, since carbonaceous sorbents are usually widely used in the food industry, agriculture, medicine and other fields of human activity. The technology to obtain active carbons from agricultural crop residues has been developed, active carbon physico-chemical and adsorption properties, textural characteristics have been studied, new functional carbon (nano) materials with antibacterial activity containing (nano) particles of silver have been obtained, their influence within (nano) chip composition on rape crop growth, development and yield has been studied. In the conducted field tests, the highest activity was noted when using the (nano) chip whose structure included RAC - camelina and silver nanoparticles. Besides, when nano chips are used for seed treatment, the yield increase makes up 11.6 % for nanoparticles containing Ag, for plant active carbons (PAC) (rape) with Ag this index makes up 28.1 %, for RAC (Camelina) with Ag it makes up 55.8 % (compared to the control variant), which can be explained by the differences in the sorption characteristics of the studied radio activated carbons. Our results and the previous studies of other authors can prove the fact that silver nanoparticles (including those being a part of (nano) chips) "get" into the biochemical processes and have a pronounced phytostimulating effect on plants, which was especially obvious when suppressing the activity of plant pathogenic microflora by silver nanoparticles.
The importance of proper evaluation of the geological conditions for the design of industrial floor subbase
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Drusa, Marian; Vlček, Jozef; Bulko, Roman; Kais, Ladislav
Nowadays many problems concerning industrial floors or floors in shopping centres occurred when local geological characterization is not adequately considered by structural designers, material selection is not evaluated properly and in time for future stability, or consolidation of soft organic subsoil laid in active zone is not taken into account during design evaluation. Similar problems occur when flooding effects on subbase layers cause a new settlement of the upper floor structure. Generally speaking, majority of these symptoms of floor damage have their origin in underestimation of the geotechnical risk. At some locations, the selection of support structure and material type is not adequate due to lack of experience and in order to offer the lowest price as a contractor.
Feasibility study of Maisotsenko indirect evaporative air cooling cycle in Iran
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Rezaee, Vahid; Houshmand, Arash
This paper presents energy and exergy analysis of air cooling cycle based on novel Maisotsenko indirect evaporative cooling cycle. Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) provides desired cooling condition above the dew point and below the wet bulb temperature. In this study, based on average annual temperature, The Iran area is segmented into eleven climates. In energy analysis, wet-bulb and dew point effectiveness, cooling capacity rate and in exergy analysis, exergy input rate, exergy destruction rate, exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergetic COP and entropy generation rate for Iran's weather conditions in the indicated climates are calculated. Moreover, a feasibility study based on water evaporation rate and Maisotsenko cycle was presented. Energy and exergy analysis results show that the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth climates are quite compatible and Rasht, Sari, Ramsar and Ardabile cities are irreconcilable with the Maisotsenko cycle.
Development of software to evaluate roof fall risk in bord and pillar method - depillaring phase
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Nimaje, Devidas S; Sai, Shiva
Roof fall is one of the major problems of the bord and pillar coal mines during the depillaring phase. Roof fall not only causes considerable damage to the mining equipment but also to the miners. To keep in view, development of software is essential for the calculation of roof fall risk to reduce the accidents to a certain extent. In this paper, the software has been developed and tested on seam-2, the main panel of RK-5 underground coal mine, Singareni Collieries Company Limited, India and corresponding roof fall risk was calculated. The best combination of the parameters causing roof fall risk was evaluated to reduce the risk.
Numerical verification of geotechnical structure in unfavourable geological conditions – case study
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Drusa, Marian
Numerical modelling represents a powerful tool not only for special geotechnical calculations in cases of complicated and difficult structure design or their foundation conditions, but also for regular tasks of structure foundation. Finite element method is the most utilized method of numerical modelling. This method was used for calculations of the retaining wall monitored during 5 years after construction. Retaining wall of the parking lot with the facing from gabion blocks was chosen for numerical model. Besides the unfavourable geological conditions, a soft nature of the facing was also a difficult part of the modelling. This paper presents the results of the modelling when exact geometry, material characteristics and construction stages were simulated. The results capture the trend of displacements even though the basic material models were utilized. The modelling proved the ability of the finite element method to model the retaining structure with sufficient accuracy as well as reasonable demand on quality and quantity of input data. This method can then be used as a regular design tool during project preparation.
Selected properties of geopolymers with different portions of ground fly-ash
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Želinková, Miroslava
Geopolymers are polymeric materials resulting from the polycondensation reaction of alumino-silicate materials in a strongly alkaline environment. In consequence, stable polymeric networks of aluminosilicates are formed. The binding potential of FA (fly ash) amorphous component can also be “activated” by mechanical activation, which unfolds new possibilities of FA utilization. Mechanical activation, such as the method, which can improve FA reactivity, is often applied for different applications for geopolymers based on ground fly ash. This paper presents possibilities of preparation of geopolymer mixtures based on modified (ground) FA (TEKO – produced by the Heating plant Kosice), which was used in varying percentages to unground (original) FA. The particle size of the original unground FA (PVT) was 84.7μm and particle size of the ground FA (T60S1) was 52.8μm. Properties to be evaluated were selected from the expected application point of view – protective coating of concrete. Next properties of geopolymer mixtures after 28 days of hardening were tested and evaluated: dry density, absorptivity, capillarity, compressive and flexural strength.
Comparison of a multiple regresion model and a two-regime model of a vertical refraction
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Sokol, Štefan; Lipták, Miroslav
Accuracy of the trigonometric measurement of elevations is affected by the systematic influence of a vertical refraction, which is caused by changes of meteorological parameters. Submitted paper deals with a modelling of the impact of the vertical refraction using selected meteorological parameters. At first, a concise derivation of a physical principle of the vertical refraction is given. Then, a multiple regression model and its extension into a form of two-regime model are given. Division into two regimes provides a threshold function, which expresses the dependence of the original explanatory variables. Different types of the threshold function are considered and finally a comparison of the quality of the proposed models and application of a chosen model on the results of repeated trigonometric measurements is given.
Global climate change and solutions for urban sustainability of Ho CHi Minh City, Vietnam
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Dan, Phao; Lan Chi, Nguyên Thuy
Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city in Vietnam, is steadily growing, certainly towards a mega city in the near future. Like other mega cities at the boom stage, it has to face with serious environmental matters insolvable for many years. The situation may be worse under the effects of global climate change, geological subsidence due to non-standard construction and sea level rise. The situation of HCMC can be damaged or even broken by resonant effects of unsolved environmental matters and latent impacts of climate change. This article shows the challenges to the urban sustainable development under the duo effect of urban environmental matters and climate change in Ho Chi Minh City. Opportunities and strategic directions to overcome the challenges are also analyzed and recommended.
Diversity as a general basis of tourism – system approach
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Schejbal, Ctirad
The general basis for tourism consists in the diversity of natural and man-made environment. The diversity can be considered as a natural characteristic of natural and anthropogenic systems produced by them as a condition of its continuance and development at all levels. When assessing tourism, geodiversity, biodiversity and socio-economic diversity, which includes technological diversity might be defined. Geodiversity and biodiversity coupled with technological diversity for the basis of geoscience and montanistic tourism. In the case of biodiversity, in terms of tourism regional and structural types of diversity are particularly important that can be parallelized with a geotope and a geophenomenon. The aim is to highlight the need for system approach to the analysis of tourism as a complex phenomenon with a complex structure.
Modified zeolites in ground water treatment
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2015) Barloková, Danka; Ilavský, Ján; Sokáč, Marek
There are presented results of technological experiments carried out in Water Treatment Plant Kúty. The goal of this study was to compare modified zeolite known as clinoptilolite (rich deposits of clinoptilolite were found in the region of East Slovakia in the 1980s) with the imported modified zeolite from deposit situated in Hungary. Klinopur-Mn and Klinomangan were used for removal of iron and manganese from ground water to meet the requirements of the Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 496/2010 on Drinking Water. The materials observed exhibit different efficiencies of manganese removal from water, since the quality of the treated water play a major role (oxygen content and pH value). In the case of the removal of the iron from the water, the quality of the raw water is not a limiting factor; both materials removed Fe from the water to below the limit value (0.20 mg.l-1).

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