GeoScience Engineering. 2022, vol. 68

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/146404

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Bedload Estimation: Case of Wadi El-Hammam in the North-West of Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Gliz, Mohamed; Remini, Boualem
In Algeria, only the transport of suspended sediment is measured, the rate of bedload in the global transport of solids is estimated, approximately. Measures of bed load transport in the field are very costly, due to flow disturbances. As a result, evaluations of this type of sediment transport are difficult to carry out in the absence of databases. In this article, we tried to quantify this mode of transport at the wadi El-Hammam using the formula of Meyer-Peter and Müller. Formula that seems bestadapted to the physical characteristics and flow conditions of the wadi studied. The results obtained show that the calculated bedload ratio is between 0.6 and 28% of the suspension. The quantities transported annually are very large and irregular as theyvary from 2.3 to 32Mg.km-2.year-1,characterising the Mediterranean mountains and semi-arid environments. A good correlation was found between the daily bedload flow and the liquid flow, the obtained model Qs= aQb, can be easily used to estimate the bedload transport at the Hacine hydrometric station, located at the output and without data concerning this phenomenon.
Assessment of the Influence of Mine Waters on Surface Water Quality in Ostrava-Karvina Region
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Syrová, Lucie; Balcařík, Lukáš; Šimáčková, Bohdana; Shaghaghi, Samaneh
The study deals with the evaluation of the effects of mining water on surface water quality in the Ostrava-Karvina region.The rivers were monitored from March 2019 to February 2021and results were evaluated according to Government Regulation No. 401/2015 Coll.Mine waters are primarily loaded with dissolved substances, namely chlorides. Among others, the study focuses on parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity, sulphates, suspended solids, iron, manganese and radioactivity.The influence of mine water outlets was proven in the study, namelytheinfluence of Jeremenko Water Pit on the monitored area of Ostravice River and the influence of Karvinský Potok tributary on the monitored area of Olše River. The Orlovská stružka did not have such a demonstrable effect on the monitored area of Odra River as the aforementioned outlets on other rivers.
The Efficiency of Mechanized Mineral Processing Techniques to Recover Tin and Tantalum Ores. Case Study: Nyamatete Concession, Rwanda
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Uwizeyimana, Jules; Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo, Digne Edmond; Imanirafasha, Esperance; Barayagwiza, Vincent; Hategekimana, Francois
Mining activities have resulted in a large volume of tailings containing a certain proportion of lost minerals, making them a potential reprocessing opportunity, and information on tailings and mineral reprocessing is often scarce. In this study, a conceptual framework was established and used to produce meaningful information and knowledge from the tailings of the Nyamatete mine at HABATU Mining Company Limited (an ASM in Rwanda). Tailings particles were investigated based on the observed lithology to determine their distribution over the tailing dams, and a site-specific sampling approach and procedure were established. Sieving the collected samples, particle size analysis, and chemical analysis using XRF were chosen as methods for tailings characterization. Raw materials such as SnO2, minor Ta2O5, and Nb2O5and elements of environmental importance such as Mn, Co, and as were observed but in small quantities are largely predominant in quartz vein, have been discovered in Nyamatete tailings. The comminution and gravity separation by mechanical reprocessing facilities improved Cassiterite recovery by 43.9 %compared to the artisanal processing method. SnO2recovery of 19.4% and 29.9% with grades of 63.224% and 76.6% were obtained in pegmatite and quartz tailings respectively. According to a scoping study, the Habatu tailings have an appropriate grade, the valuable content occurs in a recoverable grain-size range, and the total ore amount scales with the required input for the reprocessing equipment. Tailings reprocessing with mechanized reprocessing equipment is advantageous because it improves efficiency while also treating the material with previously unknown quantities of ore, thereby significantly increasing the total recovery of processed Run of Mine.
Performance Assessment of Kinematic GNSS Positioning with Smartphones Based on Post-Processing of Raw Observations
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Halaj, Marek; Kačmařík, Michal
In recent years, there have been significant technological advances in the development of commonmobile devices. This broughtprogress also in the area of positioning with thesedevices. Allowingaccess to raw GNSS observationsrecorded by mobile devices opened possibilities to apply advanced positioning techniques in order toachieve higher positioning accuracy. The paper describes the results of kinematic measurements of a single-frequency Samsung Galaxy S10+smartphone and a dual-frequency Samsung Galaxy Note10+smartphone. Observations were repeatedly collected at a1.76 km long test route inan urban environment atapedestrian speed. Real-time positioning by autonomous method as well as collection of raw observations into RINEX format and their subsequent post-processing by differential techniques and Precise Point Positioning technique wererealized. The achieved results were compared against a reference linerepresenting the real trajectoryand also againstresults of ageodeticgrade GNSSreceiver.Positioning accuracy of mobile devices ranged from the first decimetres to tens of metres, depending on the environment, tested smartphone and used post-processing technique.Dual-frequency smartphone Samsung Galaxy Note 10+ provided abetter performance compared to the single-frequencydevice. Real-time positioning based on a simple autonomous technique and smoothing algorithm for route optimizationreached lower positioning errors compared to all solutions based on collecting raw observations and their consequent post-processingwith mentioned techniques.
Separation of Copper from Acidic Etching Solutions
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Ujházy, Martina; Čablík, Vladimír; Vu, Hong N.; Kučerová, Radmila
This study deals with the issue of copper separation from acidic etching solutions formed during the process of production of printed circuit boards (PCBs)fortheelectricaland electronic industries.The article describes the selected methods of copperseparation and summarizes the results of an experiment,in which the efficiency of copper recovery from the depleted acid solutions by the cementationand precipitation method was verified. In the process of cementation, iron in the form of metallicswarf was used as a precipitant. To verify the efficiency of the precipitation method, CaCO3limestone,Ca(OH)2calcium hydroxide and NaOH solution were used. During the measurement, the amount of Cu in the solution was observedfor both methods in dependence on time, temperature,and pH
Determination of the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rocks from the Strength Index
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Šancer, Jindřich; Široký, Tomáš; Krenžel, Vladimír
The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is classified as one of the basic mechanical properties of rocks, which is widely used in mining and construction practice. For example, it allows geomechanics to classify individual rocks and soils into groups with the same or similar mechanical properties. An example is the (RMR) Rock Mass Rating, Barton’s Q system. [1,2]. As a rule, only an indicative determination of the uniaxial compressive strength is sufficient for this classification.The uniaxial compressive strength is determined in the laboratory on regular test pieces. The preparation of these test bodies is often a time-consuming and costly process, and in some cases, the recommended shape cannot be prepared for a small amount of rock sample or, in the case of highly fractured and friable rock. For this reason, alternative methods for determining compressive strength are being sought. These methods are supposed to be faster and cheaper and to provide results directly in situ. The paper presents information obtained from the indirect determination of the uniaxial compressive strength according to the strength index measured with a field press on various rock types from the Czech Republic.
Application of GIS for the Control of Major Accident Hazards
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Švec, Pavel; Skřínský, Jan
The presentedstudy discussesthe importance of GIS in assessing the fire and explosion modellinginvolved in major accident hazards. The simulation of toxic dispersions in the atmosphere is especially dangerous fordensely inhabited areas, or close to the sensitive environment,which arecalled the target systems. Therefore, mathematical-physical predictions from hazard modellingprograms such as Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) have to be combined with a Geographic Information System (GIS) such as ArcGIS. This multidisciplinary approach allows expertsto couple the consequences and the target systems in one representation of major accident hazards. This unique combination of the two programs allows us to calculate the consequences to human life for a real accident scenario case study. Description of methodical approach and four accident scenarios are investigated based on ALOHAs models for carbon monoxiderelease combined with ArcGIS for Liberty Ostrava a.s. as a case study.
Biological Marker Fingerprints of Crude Oils from Three Oilfields in the Central Niger Delta: Implication to Source Input, Conditions of Deposition, and Thermal Maturation
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Anyanwu, Timothy Chibuike; Agbi, Ifeoma Ogeri; Takyi, Botwe; Njoku, Joy Obiagel; Ugbaja, Uduak Anthony
Crude oil samples recovered from three oilfields distributed within the central Niger Delta were used to investigate biological marker fingerprints, sources of organic matter, conditions of deposition, and thermal maturation. This was achieved by the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses on the saturated components of the crude oils. The biological marker ratios show low sterane/hopane (steranes/hopane ˂ 1) in the scope of 0.29 to 0.61 indicating that the crude oils initiatedfrom rocks containing high terrigenous biota (mainly land plants). The n-alkanes distribution and the pristane/phytane ratios (0.63 to 2.08) suggested source deposition under oxic to suboxic environmental conditions. The percentage composition of C27, C28,and C29steranes and oleanane index (18α (H)-oleanane/ C3017α (H)-hopane) also indicated major contributions from terrigenous organic biota with minor marine source input. The studied crude oils have C32:22S/ (22S+22R) ratios in the scope of 0.55 to 0.64, and these values suggested high maturation level. This agrees with the oleanane index (0.64 to 0.95), CPI (0.92 to 1.06), C29: 20S/ (20S + 20R) sterane ratios (0.29 to 0. 61), Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratio (0.45 to 0.83) and moretane/C30hopane proportion (0.16 to 0.24).
Underground Mining Method Selection with the Application of TOPSIS Method
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Mijalkovski, Stojance; Efe, Omer Faruk; Despodov, Zoran; Mirakovski, Dejan; Mijalkovska, Daniela
Multi-criteria decision-making methods are widely used to solve various problems in the industry, as well as to support the planning and designing industrial processes. Mining is a very complex and responsible activity, so when making a major decision, it is necessary to take into account several parameters and perform their detailed analysis. Due to the importance of proper decision making, multi-criteria optimization methods have a very wide application in mining. One of the most complex and important things in mining is the choice of mining method for underground exploitation, where the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods can help a lot in making the right decision. This paper will present the choice of the method of mining excavation by the TOPSIS method, according to which it was obtained that the Sublevel Caving is optimal for a given case.
Comparison of Table Bearing Capacity for Different Types of Foundation Soils / Rocks
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Neuman, David; Sombathy, Erik; Vlček, Jindřich; Matuszková, Barbara
The aim of the publication was to compare the suitability of foundation soils on the basis of table (standard empirical) bearing capacity. Four basic groups of foundation soils were compared, which are fine-grained soils, sandy soils, gravelly soils and rocky soils. The scientific motivation for this comparison is that visualizing the difference between the suitability and unsuitability of a particular foundation soil / rock is one of the fundamental problems in engineering geology. Quantifying and visualizing the differences is very important for understanding the significance of different geological settings. Of all the foundation soil classes evaluated, the R1 rock soil group with a simple compressive strength greater than 150 MPa and a discontinuity distance greater than 600 mm achieves the highest table bearing capacity of 8 000 kPa. In contrast, the lowest table bearing capacity is achieved by the class of fine-grained foundation soils (F8) of clays with extremely high plasticity and soft consistency, where the value of this class is only 40 kPa.
Biomonitoring of Post-Mine Environment Using Ruderal Plants
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Kučová, Kateřina
Ruderal plants that remove toxic metals by accumulating in their tissues are called accumulators. Such accumulators can be used for phytoremediation or phytomining. The use of plants for biomonitoring environmental pollution by a non-invasive monitoring method correlates the effects of anthropogenic factors and living organisms. The advantage is the early detection of changes in the environment, thanks to the rapid response of bioindicators, responding to changes in the habitat, for example, by creating deformations. At present, biomonitoring is one of the indispensable parts of nature and environmental protection. The following species were selected for research - Aster amellus L., Rosa canina L. and Paraleucobryum longifolium; the area of interest was the post-mining area. The aim of the study was to verify the hyperaccumulation activity of ruderal plants on the thermally active dump pile Ema, in the district of Ostrava-Karviná, Czech Republic. The plant samples were taken in the places with the thermal activity and were compared as for the capacity of bioaccumulation of hazardous metals – Co, Mo, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Ba, Sr in the plant tissues from different parts of the plants (root, stem, leaf, fruit). The results were compared with the collection of metals at sampling points. The highest ability to bioaccumulate was demonstrated by plants from the Bryophyta division.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Surface Water of the Doi Canal, the Cho Dem and Ben Luc Rivers, Vietnam
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Pham, Anh Duc; Thieu, Van Vu Duc; Nguyen, Binh An; Dinh, Thi Thu Huong; Nguyen, Thi Truc Thao; Nguyen, Thuy Lan Chi
The Doi Canal and the Cho Dem and Ben Luc Rivers play the key roles in irrigation, navigation and ecological restoration. It is important to clearly identify the pollution, influencing factors, ecological risks and possible sources of heavy metals in the surface water of this river system. The surface water of 7 sampling sites was collected over 7 consecutive periods from April 2019 to October 2021. Each surface water sample was analyzed for 9 heavy metals including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, As. Sampling and sample handling techniques were performed based on the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Among all nine heavy metals examined in the study area, the concentrations of Fe (1.00  5.06 mg/L) and Mn (0.14  0.28 mg/L) were the highest and the concentrations of Cr, Cd and As were below the lower limit of detection. The results showed that the average Fe and Mn contents both exceeded the permissible thresholds of the National technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT). Additionally, the content of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni did not meet the water quality standards for aquatic life (United State Environmental Protection Agency).
Assessment of Soil Collapse and Subsurface Features Using Integrated Geophysical Methods in Bismayah Pumping Station, Southeast Baghdad, Iraq
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Al-Saady, Hussein Abdulrahim; Karim, Hussein H.; Al-Henshed, Firas
The Bismayahpumping station was exposed to differential subsidence in the near surface soil due to the dewatering process. The geophysical surveys via ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) were used to assess the subsidence in subsurface soils. Four profiles of ERI using Wenner-Schlumberger array and four lines of GPR using antenna 250 MHz were implemented around the pumping station.The results show many underground features that are interpreted as concrete slabsof the storm and sewage tanks. These features reflect high resistivity values on the ERT profiles and high amplitude reflections on the GPR lines. Moreover, the results revealed the existence of pipe leakage on the northern side of the station, which in turn showed a very distinctive shape and low resistivity values. However, the results do not present any evidence of the existence of soil subsidence in the area around the station area.
Irrigation Water Impact on Soil Properties in Arid Oued-Souf Region, Southeast Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Zaiz, Issam; Boutoutaou, Djamel
The perimeters of the Oued-Souf region are irrigated by salty water coming from the phreatic water and thus progressive salinization of the soil occurs. This study aims at a qualitative analysis of the evolution of the salinity in the soils irrigated by pivot irrigation for several years. For this, three plots were irrigated by pivots in each agricultural region. The choice of these 3 plots is justified by the number of years of their cultivation: plot 1 has been cultivated and irrigated for 2 years (2016–2017), plot 2 has been cultivated and irrigated for 5 years (2016– 2020) were studied and compared to the controlled soil not irrigated. The irrigation is done by sprinkling with mineralized water from the phreatic water. The results obtained showed that the irrigation water is characterized by high salinity and low sodium adsorption ration (SAR). Sodium and chloride contents are excessive in sprinkler irrigation mode. The evolution of salinity in irrigated soils between 2 and 5 years was very significant compared to the control (non-irrigated). The salinity goes from 0.38 dS/m in the control site classified as low salinity to 1.54 dS/m in the cultivated site for the 5 years classified as high salinity soil. The geochemical facies at the three study regions after irrigation are sulfate-calcium. A significant correlation is observed between calcium and sulfate with electrical conductivity (EC), so the salinity of our soils is dominated by sulfate. These results are confirmed by statistical analysis of the data (PCA), which revealed that salinity is heavily influenced by Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42- in the topsoil.
Investigation of Forced-Air Duct Leakage Phenomenon Using CFD Methods for Underground Tunnel Construction
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Kosowski, Maciej; Zapletal, Pavel; Pach, Grzegorz
Using CFD, the paper deals with a simulation of all phenomena related to forced-air duct fitted with a fan, with the emphasis on unit aerodynamic resistance and untight air ducts. We created a 3-dimentional model of the system including perforations simulating untightens in order to make a computation network. Boundary conditions were set and calculations made in ANSYS Fluent 19.1 programme. The computational results were assessed using conventional methods used in mining operations and compared with the measurement results of real air ducts in mine workings. CFD is suitable to simulate forced-air ducts and allows for their more precise design.
Integrated Resistivity, Index, and Strength Characteristics of Subgrade Soils: Implication for Highway Pavement Failure Studies in North-Central Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Obasaju, Daniel Opemip; Oloruntola, Moroof Olasunbo; Oladele, Sunday
Integrated geophysical and geotechnical studies have been carried out to determine the geological cause(s) of the failure of sections of Ajaokuta – Anyigba Highway, North-central Nigeria. Forty-eight (48) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted on failed and stable sections of the highway. Also, twenty-one (21) subgrade soil samples close to VES stations from the unstable and stable sections of the highway were subjected to laboratory geotechnical analyses which include grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction (Optimum Moisture Content, OMC, and Maximum Dry Density, MDD) and California bearing ratio (CBR) at soaked and unsoaked states following American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standards as appropriate. The geophysical results show that low resistivity (10–100 Ohms-m) inferred as clay/silt of low competence characterizes the subgrade soils of the unstable segment. While higher resistivity (148–272 Ohms-m) interpreted as sandy-clay/silt with moderate competence was obtained for the subgrade soils of the stable segment. Results of Geotechnical tests show that the subgrade soils of the unstable segment have geotechnical properties that generally fall below required standard specifications. Strong correlations of R = 0.86, 0.9, and –0.88 were obtained between CBR and sand, resistivity, and the amounts of fines, while a fairly strong correlation of R = –0.67 was obtained for the plasticity index. The high level of correlation implies that CBR can be predicted from geophysical data and other geotechnical parameters. The study has revealed that the advanced weathering of the underlying Mica-Schist to clayey/silty subgrades with unsuitable geophysical and geotechnical properties is a major contributor to the instability of the highway.
Chemostratigraphic Architecture of Sandstone Facies Exposed along Auchi-Ighara Road, Mid-Western Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Ikhane, Phillips Reuben; Atewolara-Odule, Odunayo Christy; Oyebolu, Olalekan Olayiwola; Fakolade, Omotoso Richard
In this work, inorganic whole-rock geochemistry was applied to characterize the exposed sandstone facies along the Auchi-Ighara road Anambra basin Midwestern, Nigeria for distinction and correlation of the depositional units on the basis of the stratigraphic variation of geochemical trait. Fourteen representative samples collected from the outcrop were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). From our analyses, ten major elements oxides, sixteen trace elements, and thirteen rare earth elements were obtained. The concentration of major elements in the samples range from 0.13 % and 53.71 % with SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 being predominant. Other oxides found in the samples include K2O, CaO, Na2O, MgO and P2O5 indicating a recycled orogenic source of the grits from which the sandstone is derived. Trace elements concentration ranges between 0.017 ppm and 122.25 ppm; marked by the dominance of Zircon (Zr) which further asseverates orogenic recycling. The rare earth elements range in concentration from 0.01ppm and 5.53 ppm; the modal occurrence of Praseodymium (Pr) in this category is apparently indicative of deposition in an oxidizing environment. The appreciably high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio averages 11.2 in the samples is symptomatic of several cycles of sedimentation. Variation pattern of Ga/Rb and Al2O3/(CaO+MgO+K2O+Na2O) ratios connote a cooler and drier climatic condition after the sandstone deposition, which expectedly resulted to a decrease in hydrolytic weathering. Changes in sediment provenance are predicated on Cr/Al2O3, Cr/Na2O and Nb/Al2O3 ratio which indicate grits derivation from a more quartzose sedimentary and felsic sources that resulted from fluctuating paleoclimate during deposition. From the geochemical data, the paleoclimate and provenance of the sandstone facies were modelled and used for subdivision and correlation into two geochemical packages and five geochemical units.
Utilization of Augmented and Virtual Reality in Geoscience
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Holuša, Věroslav; Beneš, Filip; Vaněk, Michal
In today's age of modern information technologies (IT), it is no wonder that modern visualization tools and techniques are finding their way into areas such as geological and environmental sciences. The market offers a wide range of software resources for use and especially for the creation of scenes in virtual reality. The aim of our article is to evaluate a number of tools for creating virtual reality (VR) content and evaluate their practical applicability. In the experiments, several tools for creating virtual reality scenes were tested and these tools were compared in terms of their parameters. The conclusion of the article shows the results, while Photomodeler and RealityCapture were the most suitable software for the academic sphere. On the contrary, Bentley ContextCapture software seems the least suitable.
Extracts of Cement Composites Based on Recycled Glass
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Máčalová, Kateřina; Charvát, Jakub; Václavík, Vojtěch; Dvorský, Tomáš
This article presents the results of extracts of recycled photovoltaic glass and cement composites, in which 100 % of natural aggregates were replaced with recycled photovoltaic glass in various fractions. Test specimens in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter and height of 40 x 40 mm were prepared according to the designed formulas R1 to R5. The R0 formula was a comparative one without the replacement of natural aggregates. The test specimens were stored in a water bath for 28 days. The test specimens together with the recycled glass fr. 0/10 mm were subsequently subjected to extract tests according to Decree No. 294/2005 Coll. The incorporation of photovoltaic glass into the cement matrix has significantly reduced the content of selenium, molybdenum and cadmium. The concentrations of these toxic metals were reduced by 98.5 % in case of selenium, by 88.9 % in case of cadmium, and by 97.5 % in case of molybdenum.
Interpretation and Identification of Unexploded Aircraft Ammunition Sites from Reconnaissance Flight Images
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2022) Budayová, Maria; Srnová, Karla; Pospíšil, Jiří; Šafář, Václav
This article describes the optimal work sequence for the interpretation and identification of unexploded aircraft ammunition sites from reconnaissance flight images of the area bombed during World War II. The described ac- tivities are based on a number of previous actions that were carried out within the framework of the MVČR security research project entitled "The search for unexploded aircraft ammunition from World War II". Two sites in the Czech Republic were selected for the project solution, which are among the most affected ones by the World War II bombing. With regard to the current knowledge and experience of the research team, a procedure of activities was suggested in order to secure the optimal quality of the results of interpretation and identification of the sites where unexploded aircraft ammunition can be found. The results may be affected by the frequency and quality of reconnaissance flight images and the information on the used aircraft ammunition. The quality of the results also depends on the quality of previous work in the creation of an orthophoto, personal experience and knowledge of the people working on the interpretation and identification of the images.

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