Publikační činnost Katedry veřejné ekonomiky / Publications of Department of Public Economics (153)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/65869

Kolekce obsahuje bibliografické záznamy publikační činnosti (článků) akademických pracovníků Katedry veřejné ekonomiky (153) v časopisech registrovaných ve Web of Science od roku 2003 po současnost.
Do kolekce jsou zařazeny:
a) publikace, u nichž je v originálních dokumentech jako působiště autora (adresa) uvedena Vysoká škola báňská-Technická univerzita Ostrava (VŠB-TUO),
b) publikace, u nichž v originálních dokumentech není v adrese VŠB-TUO uvedena, ale autoři prokazatelně v době jejich zpracování a uveřejnění působili na VŠB-TUO.

Bibliografické záznamy byly původně vytvořeny v kolekci Publikační činnost akademických pracovníků VŠB-TUO, která sleduje publikování akademických pracovníků od roku 1990.

V ak. roce 2024/2025 sloučeno s katedrou 115, publikační činnost je dále vedena v kolekci Katedra managementu.

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Now showing 1 - 20 out of 65 results

Comparison of housing affordability in Czech and Polish regions
(Sciendo, 2024) Slavata, David; Ardielli, Eva; Maciejasz, Marta
Great differences are observed in the way of living, the quality of living, and the type of property ownership in individual countries of the world. However, housing affordability is currently a significant issue in every developed country. At the same time, it is also an important factor of economic development on both the national and regional level. The paper is focused on the comparison of housing affordability in the Czech and Polish regions. The presented research combines four different commonly used indicators of housing affordability (financial and physical) into a newly defined index and applies it to the Czech Republic and Poland regions for the period 2020-2022. The aim is the comparison of Czech and Polish regions according to the selected housing indicators and calculated standard housing affordability index SAI, which is a newly created index compiled by the authors. The result of the research is a calculation of housing availability in a total of 30 Czech and Polish regions and a comparison of the development of housing availability in 2020 and 2022 in these regions. The result of the research is the finding that the availability of housing in the Czech regions is on average lower than in the Polish regions and, in addition, that the availability has decreased compared to 2020 in both the Czech and Polish regions by 2022.
Indicators of government effectiveness in European countries: Empirical analysis with the use of panel data
(Vilnius University, 2023) Halásková, Martina; Linhartová, Veronika; Gavurová, Beáta; Niroda, Peter
Based on a theoretical and empirical approach, the authors strive to evaluate government effectiveness according to the government effectiveness index and the impact of selected (socio-economic) indicators on government effectiveness in European countries in the years 2003-2019. The research examines the position of European countries (EU-27 and the United Kingdom) and focuses on the specification of determinants in transition economies and non-transition economies. The highest government effectiveness in 2003-2019 is observed in Scandinavian countries, whereas the lowest government effectiveness was found in two examples of transition economies, Romania and Bulgaria. Panel data analysis was used for the analysis, specifically the Fixed effects model. The results of the analysis demonstrate the impact of the observed determinants on government effectiveness in transition economies (model 1) and in non-transition economies (model 2). The most significant determiners to affect government effectiveness are GDP per capita and government expenditures on public services in both models (despite a different structure in transition and non-transition economies). Other factors that have a major effect on government effectiveness in transition economies are parliamentary seats held by women, the corruption perception index, and the percentage of women in the position of senior administrators. Our findings can be beneficial for public policymakers in the implementation of government measures and as a basis for changes in the leadership of individual governments leading to increased efficiency.
Effect of public and private sector R&D indicators on innovation performance and competitiveness: Case of the western European NUTS 2 regions
(Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně, Fakulta managementu a ekonomiky, 2023) Halásková, Martina; Bednář, Pavel
Innovation performance is considered a crucial indicator of the competitiveness of countries and regions. Studies on innovation performance also need to assess it, distinguishing between public and private sector R&D indicators at the regional level. The objectives of this article are to explore the groups of innovation performance and their spatial distribution in NUTS 2 Western European regions and to evaluate the effect of selected public and private sector R&D indicators on innovation performance in 2014-2021. The fixed effects model on the panel data was used to analyse the impact of selected public and private sector R&D indicators on innovation performance. Research shows that innovation performance increases with time; however, performance suffers from regional disparities, which are affected by selected structural determinants from the public and private sector perspectives. The results of the panel data analysis suggest that the population aged 25-34 who have completed their tertiary education, the most cited scientific publications, and public-private co-publications are statistically significant R&D public sector indicators for the innovation performance of Western European NUTS 2 regions. Furthermore, the results indicate that SMEs that introduce product innovations, employment in knowledge-intensive activities, patent applications, and innovative SMEs that collaborate with others are statistically significant private sector R&D indicators. However, the results reveal various effects of these indicators on individual groups of innovation performance in both the public and private sectors. These findings can benefit policymakers in developing research and innovation systems when finding tools to increase innovation performance and, thereby, the competitiveness of left-behind NUTS 2 regions.
The effect of government expenditures on the economic and institucional dimension of governance in European countries
(Univerzita Pardubice, Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, 2023) Halásková, Renata; Halásková, Martina; Pomp, Marek
The aim of the study is to examine the effect of government expenditures on institutional and economic dimensions of governance from the standpoint of selected indicators. We evaluate the effect of government expenditures on selected governance indicators (government effectiveness, regulatory quality and the control of corruption) according to two dimensions (institutional and economic dimension of governance). The research covers the period 2002-2021, applying a panel data analysis and the fixed effects method on the sample of 29 European countries. For the purposes of further examination, the European countries are divided into two groups (by GDP per capita in PPS). The results confirmed the effect of differing categories of government expenditures on the evaluated indicators of governance between European countries with higher and lower economic levels. European countries with a higher economic level manifested the strongest positive effect of government expenditures on secondary education and expenditures on police services in relation to the economic dimension of governance (government effectiveness and regulatory quality). The results of countries with a lower economic level show that the control of corruption is affected, both positively and negatively, by government expenditures on education. Government expenditures on pre-primary and primary education had the largest impact in the economic dimension of governance in relation to the reduction of government effectiveness and government expenditures on sporting and recreational services in terms of the reduction of regulatory quality. The reached findings can be beneficial to creators of public policies at all levels of public administration in the creation of concepts and strategic goals.
Gaps in the dynamics and performance of the psychiatric care deinstitutionalization
(Sage, 2023) Vrabková, Iveta; Vaňková, Ivana; Moškořová, Kristýna
This study objective to verify the existence of gaps in the dynamics and performance of fulfillment of the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care in the Czech Republic (CZ) and the Slovak Republic (SR) in the period between 2010 and 2020. The introduction of this the study is a search for expert knowledge in the field of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care. The study uses the method of multi-criteria comparison of TOPSIS variants and a cluster analysis. The results 22 variants range from (ci 0.6716-0.2571) and confirm that there are large differences between CZ and SR in performance gaps (fulfillment) of deinstitutionalization goals. The SR variants are clearly better than the CZ variants, although during the years studied, the CZ variants are improving, and the size of the gap compared to the SR variants is decreasing. In the first year of the evaluated period (2010), the performance gap was 56% and in the last year (2020), the performance gap was only 31%. The conclusion of the study confirms that the measures associated with the deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care are linked to the time they were introduced and the overall implementation period of the reform.
Composite analysis of competitiveness: Case study of companies working the soil in the Slovak Republic
(MDPI, 2023) Kravčáková Vozárová, Ivana; Vavrek, Roman; Adamišin, Peter; Kotulič, Rastislav
Competitiveness and sustainability in view of the constantly changing market environment are among the basic characteristics of a company, while its progress and growth are largely determined by the field of business and the nature of production. The introduction of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU after the accession of the Slovak Republic to the EU significantly changed the necessary conditions for the functioning of domestic agriculture. Agriculture in the European Union is highly differentiated; therefore, surveys on the sustainability and competitiveness of agriculture at the national level are very valuable. Agricultural cooperatives in Slovakia compete for market share with non-cooperative organizations. In our research, we used a sample of enterprises in the agricultural sector, and, using the RCR coefficient, we evaluated the competitiveness of enterprises from the point of view of individual legal forms. The purpose of our research is to answer a simple question: What is the cause of the recorded development of the RCR index? In the case of non cooperatives, the value of the regressor is higher in each comparison with the results of cooperatives. However, the nature of the relationship in the case of entities operating on agricultural land in the Slovak Republic with the legal form of a cooperative is significantly more homogeneous across the evaluated period.
Road of the least developed countries to sustainable development: Assessing trade participation in the context of the sustainable development goals
(Wiley, 2023) Fojtíková, Lenka; Vavrek, Roman; Doleželová, Petra
The least developed countries (LDCs) have been declared a battleground where the success or failure of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be decided. Being the main instrument of support of LDCs and one of the main means of the implementation of the SDGs, international trade plays a crucial role in this case. Following the importance of trade for the sustainable development of LDCs, the study evaluates the success of selected LDCs in increasing their participation in international trade since the beginning of the new millennium. The participation of LDCs in international trade and the progress they have individually made is explored using 10 criteria, which were processed by the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The low participation of LDCs in international trade and the almost negligible progress they have made brings legitimate doubts about whether international trade can fulfill its function as a means of implementation of the SDGs in these countries.
Availability and quality of school facilities as determinant of local economic development: The Slovak experience
(MDPI, 2023) Papcunová, Viera; Dvořák, Marek; Vavrek, Roman; Mižičková, Jarmila; Harasimová, Petra; Víchová, Monika; Váňa, Tomáš
The availability and quality of school facilities has long been a hot topic, not only at the level of self-government, but also in respect of the whole public administration within the context of Slovakia. COVID-19 and the current military conflict in Ukraine are jointly putting increased pressure on local self-governments as the founders of kindergartens and primary schools. Whether the availability and quality of school facilities is a determinant of local development is a question for which there are very few studies. The aim of this paper is to identify long-term satisfaction with the availability and quality of kindergartens and primary schools in the Cerven ˇ ý Kame ˇn microregion; this is understood in the context of these institutions serving as an important determinant of local development. In this paper, a qualitative evaluation (survey) of parents of students in the Cereven ˇ ý Kame ˇn microregion was conducted. In order to increase the objectivity of the obtained results, the survey was conducted two times with an interval of 7 years (2014 vs. 2021). Our results show that parents perceive the availability and quality in the same way even over a long period, but without confirmed statistically significant differences. At the same time, however, we found that satisfaction with the analyzed school facilities changed over time.
Approximating the influence of external factors on the technical efficiency score of hospital care: evidence from the federal states of Germany
(Springer Nature, 2023) Vrabková, Iveta; Lee, Sabrina
Background A good health care system and, especially, the provision of efficient hospital care are the goals of national and regional health policies. However, the scope of general hospital care in the 16 federal states in Germany varies considerably from region to region. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the technical efficiencies of all general hospitals of the 16 federal states for the period from 2015 to 2020, to find out the relation between the exogenous factors and score of efficiency, and also the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the results of the technical efficiency of hospital care in the German states. Methods A two-step approach was used. First, an input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis model with constant returns to scale and variable returns to scale was applied for the 6-year period from 2015 to 2020. The calculation of technical efficiency according to the input-oriented DEA model contains the three components—total technical efficiency (TTE), pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). In the second stage, the influence of exogenous variables on the previously determined technical efficiency was evaluated by applying the tobit regression analysis. Results Although the level of average technical efficiency of about 90% is high, total technical efficiency deteriorated steadily from 2015 to 2020. Its lowest point at around 78%, was in the year 2020. The deterioration of the average technical efficiency is notably influenced by the lower results in the years 2019 and 2020. The decomposition of technical efficiency also revealed that the deterioration of overall average efficiency was influenced by both pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE). Based on the tobit regression analysis performed, it was possible to conclude that the change in the efficiency score can be explained by the influence of exogenous factors only from 6.4% for overall efficiency and from 7.1% for scale efficiency. Conclusions The results of the analysis of the overall technical efficiency reveal that the aggregated data of all general hospitals of all 16 federal states show a steadily worsening total technical efficiency every year since 2015. Although, especially, the deterioration of the year 2020 with the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, contributes to a deteriorated efficiency average, the deterioration of the efficiency values, based on the analysis performed, is also observable between the years 2016 and 2019. Considering the output generated, for inefficient units and the relevant policy authorities in the hospital sector, it can be recommended that the number of beds and in particular the number of physicians, should be reduced as inputs. Based on this study, it is also recommended that decisions to increase the efficiency of general hospitals should be made with consideration of exogenous factors such as the change in the number of general hospitals or the population density in the respective state, as these had explanatory value in connection with the increase in efficiency values. Due to the wide variation in the size of the federal states, the recommendation is more appropriate for federal states with low population density.
Evaluation of key R&D areas in the context of economic development: Evidence from self-governing regions of the Czech Republic
(Institute for Local Self-Government and Public Procurement Maribor, 2022) Halásková, Renata; Halásková, Martina; Friedrich, Václav
The paper deals with crucial areas of research potential in regional conditions of the 14 Czech self-governing regions in years 2015 and 2020. For the analysis 11 indicators of research and development (R&D) are applied by use of multivariate methods. The results showed internal similarities of the Czech regions by the three created R&D factors in 2020. We investigated the relationship in Czech regions between the created factors of research potential (in the public sector, the business enterprise sector, potential human resources) on one side and economic level of regions and total R&D expenditures as percentage of regional GDP on the other side. The achieved findings from self-governing Czech regions can be a valuable source for creators of regional R&D strategies in the Czech Republic.
Impact of coronavirus pandemic on changes in e-consumer behaviour: Empirical analysis of Slovak e-commerce market
(Slovenská akadémia vied, Ekonomický ústav. Centrum spoločenských a psychologických vied SAV, Prognostický ústav., 2022) Markovič, Peter; Pollák, František; Vavrek, Roman; Kostiuk, Yaroslava
The issue of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy is highly topical at a time of gradual economic recovery. The study presents the results of more than a year and a half of empirical research on changes in consumer behaviour patterns of Slovaks obtained through an analysis of their online interactions with the five main representatives of the e-commerce industry. During both pandemic waves B2C and C2B interactions of a sample of more than half a million customers in the Facebook social network environment were systematically recorded. Subsequently, the data were compared with the reference period one year after the historically first lockdown. The results suggest that during the pandemic, customers switched into completely new patterns of consumer behaviour aimed at maximizing benefits. However, as the pandemic progressed, these patterns combined with the pre-pandemic standard behaviour and created a new, relatively stable evolving trend. This economically significant trend must be considered in business practice.
Performance measurement and evaluation of the property in regional cities in Slovakia and the Czech Republic in the context of their local economic development: comparative study
(Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 2022) Dvořák, Marek; Vavrek, Roman; Papcunová, Viera; Mižičková, Jarmila
Motivation: Property is an important part of the economic development of local govern-ments. Not only from the point of view of its use for providing services to inhabitants, but also from the point of view of generating income for local budgets. However, the evalu-ation of its use is very complicated, since cities first of all use it for non-market purposes and only then for market purposes. There are very few studies devoted to the evaluation of property utilization at the level of local self-governments. Aim: The financing of cities in Slovakia and Czechia is strongly linked to the state budget, and a large part of these financial resources are earmarked. One of the possibilities for ob-taining additional financial resources, as well as increasing their competitiveness, is the ef-ficient use of municipal property. The aim of this paper is to look at the competitiveness of regional cities by evaluating the use of property in Slovakia and Czechia, in the time series 2000-2019 and based on selected indicators. Results: The results of the analysis showed significant differences between regional cities in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Prague is overcapitalized, whereas Bratislava is un-dercapitalized in selected indicators. At the same time, in the Czech Republic we observe the significant dominance of large cities, while the results of the others cities do not show significant differences. Property as its own economic resource is becoming an important part of the competitiveness of cities. Municipal property consists of things owned by the municipality, which are primarily immovable (land, buildings, individual components of the technical infrastructure), and it is this property that significantly affects the devel-opment of cities. The research method represents a new way to evaluate the efficiency of municipal property. Municipal property, which is made up primarily of long-term intangible property, represents an important element of the competitiveness of cities, because cities can use it as a tool to attract investors to the territory, thereby increasing the overall socio-economic development of the territory.
Similarity of TOPSIS results based on criterion variability: Case study on public economic
(PLOS, 2022) Vavrek, Roman; Bečica, Jiří
In the real world, acceptance of a decision is conditional on the availability of a great volume of data. Selection of a suitable solution on the basis of this data represents a problem that multi-criterial methods (MCDM) are applied to. The issue of which of these should be favoured during their use involves a specification of the importance of the assessed criteria. The goal of the presented research is to quantify the differences (symmetry) in assessment using selected MCDM methods (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution-TOPSIS), while applying an absolute and relative variability of the assessed criteria to a determination of their importance. The obtained results indicate that the order of the assessed subject (alternative) is not directly influenced by the method of determining the variability of the assessed criteria. We can also state that the degree of concurrence in the order of application of the TOPSIS technique, in combination with both approaches expressed by the Jaccard index, is relatively low.
B Corps and listed companies: empirical analysis on corporate social responsibility and innovation activity
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022) Gazzola, Patrizia; Grechi, Daniele; Ferioli, Matteo; Slavata, David
Purpose The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the corporate social responsibility (CSR) and innovation activity of Certified B Corps (R) is comparable to listed companies in the Italian fashion industry. Design/methodology/approach The study includes a systematic literature review performed on Scopus (R) and combining keywords related to CSR and the fashion industry. Moreover, the literature review involves empirical analyses performed using a mixed-methods approach. First, a text-based content analysis was carried out on the companies' sustainability reports using the keyword scoring approach. The innovation index was then calculated, and multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regressions were performed. Findings Based on the data available, it has emerged that Certified B Corps (R) who pursue a more significant number of SDGs are more likely to implement circular economy principles. Moreover, Certified B Corps (R) that have higher transparency standards and assume social responsibility practices also have higher innovation activity; in contrast, companies who used CSR only as a marketing tool have lower activity. Research limitations/implications The analyses were influenced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, revealing weaker relationships between the variables, as the analyses involved 2020 data. Furthermore, although the analysis considers the entire population of Certified B Corps (R) and listed companies in the Italian fashion industry, the size of the sample analyzed influenced the results and insights. Therefore, the analysis does not allow for generalizability. Finally, the study was conducted on a single country whose economic and social contexts have influenced some variables. Practical implications The paper highlights some managerial implications. Managers should consider CSR to be an investment and an opportunity to survive the post-COVID-19 pandemic by applying the triple bottom line (TBL) approach in formulating strategies and increasing investments to develop sustainable innovations. Originality/value The article explores B Corps, which has received minimal attention in the literature, to propose a deeper understanding of the topic.
Determinants of corruption: a panel data analysis of Visegrad countries
(Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne Oddział w Toruniu, Instytut Badań Gospodarczych, 2022) Linhartová, Veronika; Halásková, Martina
Research background: Corruption is a phenomenon that has no borders, thus hindering the proper functioning of the social, economic, and legal systems of a given state. As the rankings assessing the level of corruption in various countries show, transition economies are more vulnerable to corruption than countries that have not undergone changes in the political and economic order. The Visegrad group is an example of such countries. Despite their efforts, these countries' governments have yet to match the evaluation of corruption indices for developed European countries. Purpose of the article: This study analyses the determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries to identify which determinants are the most impactful and thus should be the focus of Visegrad countries' governments when creating anti-corruption policies. Methods: Data for the period 1996-2019 from the databases of the World Bank, Transparency International. and the European Central Bank were used for panel data analysis. The study uses a comprehensive set of economic, socio-cultural, and political determinants that can influence corruption. The purpose of this large set of variables is to prevent possible distortion owing to omitted variables. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis of panel data show the main determinants of corruption in Visegrad countries are economic, political, and socio-cultural (phase of economic development, openness of the economy, size of the public sector, degree of urbanization, and women's share in the labour force). A significant effect was also demonstrated in the case of regulatory quality and public sector wages. The findings can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers to develop government policies in individual countries and to implement effective anti-corruption tools.
Assessing the financial health of agricultural enterprises incorporating the spatial dimension
(Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022) Vavrek, Roman; Kravčáková Vozárová, Ivana; Kotulič, Rastislav; Adamišin, Peter; Dubravská, Mariana; Ivanková, Viera
In practice, different methods are used to assess the financial health of a company, and the fact that models use the various indicators complicates the comparison of their results. The aim of this paper was to identify the financial health of agricultural enterprises operating in the Slovak Republic using three selected creditworthy models (the Altman model, Taffler model and Bonity Index). It was concluded that the differences in the evaluations of agricultural enterprises using individual creditworthy models were significant. The analysis was supplemented by the spatial distribution of the enterprises at the level of individual regions of the Slovak Republic. It was confirmed that the spatial differences in the evaluations of agricultural enterprises using individual creditworthy models were not statistically significant and were therefore random. The proposal of own assessment of regions is based on the combination of the obtained results and their spatial distribution. We assume that such comprehensive assessment over a longer period of time may be an appropriate tool for assessing the financial health of agricultural enterprises, thus contribute to the early identification of potential risks and the long-term economic sustainability. This study can be the contribution in helping to design policies or effective solve the important challenges of agricultural enterprises to the path of sustainable development of the regions and to environmental management.
The local governments efficiency in the EU countries: Evaluation by using the Data Envelopment Analysis
(ELIT - Economic Laboratory for Transition Research, 2022) Halásková, Renáta; Halásková, Martina; Gavurová, Beáta; Kočišová, Kristína
The purpose of the article is to evaluate the efficiency of local governments of EU countries. The subject of research is the view on local governments in the European dimension, while emphasising the management system and the efficiency of local governments. The article aims to assess the efficiency of allocated expenditures of local governments in EU countries from the perspectives of government effectiveness and the perception of corruption, and to assess changes of efficiency between the periods 2012/2015 and 2015/2018. To evaluate the efficiency of local governments, Data Envelopment Analysis was applied on the sample of the 27 EU countries in the years 2012, 2015, 2018. On average, the EU countries achieve higher score of efficiency in the local governments in terms of the government effectiveness (Model 1) when comparing the efficiency score from the point of the perception of corruption (Model 2). In connection to the aim, two research questions have been verified. The results show, based on the Malmquist index, that in the majority of the EU countries in 2012/2015, there prevailed a growth of the total productivity in the local governments (in relation to the government effectiveness and the perception of corruption), which was especially impacted by a growth of the technical efficiency (Model 1), and innovation activities and management change (Model 2). The achieved findings provide valuable information for the creators of the local public policies in the individual countries.
On the road to affordable and clean energy: Assessing the progress of European countries toward meeting SDG 7
(HARD, 2022) Chovancová, Jana; Vavrek, Roman
Long term sustainability of energy is a critically important goal of sustainable development globally. In light of new initiatives such as the UN's Agenda 2030 or the Paris Agreement, assessing the progress of EU countries towards reaching ambitious sustainability goals is inevitable. The aim of the paper is to assess the progress of EU countries toward meeting sustainable development goal on affordable and clean energy. The results of the analysis can be described as balanced and stable, although differences between individual countries are significant in cases of some indicators. Each EU country must, however, take a comprehensive view of SDG7 implementation. Sweden, being the first on the list, as well as Luxembourg, being the last one, both have strengths, yet also areas of improvement. Multi-criteria analysis has thrown a spotlight on the Achilles heel of the EU countries disregard of which might cause serious problems in the future.
Efficiency of public and private service delivery: the case of secondary education
(Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2022) Halásková, Renáta; Mikušová Meričková, Beáta; Halásková, Martina
A current issue is the evaluation of the efficiency of various types of education service providers. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of the services of secondary education provided by a variety of types of providers. The evaluation of secondary education is performed on a sample of 26 grammar schools in the Presov region of the Slovak Republic. The method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used. The results of the efficiency of 26 grammar schools in the period 2012-2013 to 2016-2017 showed that grammar schools from the sample established by all providers (public, private, church entity) reached the full efficiency score. By contrast, six grammar schools were evaluated as the least efficient. The evaluation of the set of grammar schools based on the average efficiency score also showed that, from the viewpoint of the types of providers, public grammar schools reach higher efficiency scores, in comparison with church and private grammar schools. These findings expand on the theory of public goods with respect to their production and render valuable information for not only education providers but also creators of regional strategic plans in education policies.
Return to the new normal: Empirical analysis of changes in e-consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
(MDPI, 2022) Pollák, František; Markovič, Peter; Vavrek, Roman; Konečný, Michal
The global pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has largely changed established business practices. The aim of this study is to present the results of eighteen months of intensive research into the effects of the pandemic on e-consumer behavior. In one of the most active e-commerce markets in Europe, the Czech Republic, we analyzed a sample of more than one and a half million Facebook users in terms of their C2B interactions on the B2C activities of the five major e-commerce market players. The measurements were carried out in three periods, which corresponded to the onset of the first wave, the peak, and the fading of the second wave of the pandemic. This enabled us to monitor the effect of seasonality and the stabilization of patterns of consumer behavior during the coronavirus crisis. The results suggest that a specific panic pattern of e-consumer behavior was developed at the time of the onset of the pandemic. However, as the pandemic progressed, the market adapted to a new normal, which, as evidenced by the change in trends, appears to be a combination of the pre-pandemic and pandemic behavioral patterns. Using a statistical analysis, it was possible to identify the delta of changes within the patterns of consumer behavior, thus fulfilling the final condition for creating an empirical model of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-consumer behavior presented in this study.

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