GeoScience Engineering. 2018, vol. 64

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/124703

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Recycling of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen from digestate
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Calábková, Katrin; Malíková, Petra; Heviánková, Silvie; Červenková, Michaela
Digestate from biogas plants, formed by dewatering anaerobically stabilized sludge, is characteristic of high concentrations of phosphates and ammonia nitrogen suitable for further use. Phosphorus is an element widely used to produce fertilizers, and because of its continually shortening natural supplies, recycling of phosphorus is gaining on significance. Both phosphorus and nitrogen are important elements and their presence affect the quality of water resources. Both elements can contribute to eutrophication. At the same time, both phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, are important elements for agricultural production, and therefore greater demands are being made on the effort to connect sewage treatment processes and the process of recycling of these nutrients. A suitable product of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen are phosphates in the form of a structurally-poorly soluble precipitate of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite). This form of slowly decomposing fertilizer is distinguished by its fertilizing abilities. Compared to direct use of digestate as a fertilizer, struvite is more stable and can gradually release ammonia nitrogen for a long time without unnecessary losses. In the reported experiments, the precipitation efficiency of the recycling of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus from the digestate liqour (liquid discharge from digestate) was, at a stoichiometric ratio of Mg2+: NH4+: PO43- (3.2: 1: 0.8) and a stirring time of 15 minutes, 87 % for ammonia nitrogen ions.
NO2 seasonal and interannual variability in Ukrainian industrial cities
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Savenets, Mykhailo; Nadtochii, Liydmyla; Dvoretska, Iryna
The paper aimed to define main features and principles of seasonal and interannual NO2 variations in Ukrainian industrial cities. Using ground-based measurements for 15-year period, it was shown weak NO2 seasonal variability that could intensify in case of three regularities act. These regularities depend on impact of natural conditions during anthropogenic emissions growth and redistribution between emission sources. Most industrial cities are characterized by positive trends even if stationary industrial emissions fall. NO2 interannual changes forms under variety of fluctuations. However, 6.2- and 9.3-year periods have the biggest impact and might be explained by low-frequent lunar tidal forces through its influence on meteorological conditions.
Interfacial transition zone between aggregate and alkali-activated blast furnace slag – a scanning electron microscopy
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Mec, Pavel; Gembalová, Lucie
Alkali-activated binders are currently a widely-researched material. Thanks to the use of secondary raw materials such as slag from metallurgical production and ash from combustion, it appears to be a more promising and more environmentally friendly material than conventional cement concrete. Considerable attention is paid to the bonding phase itself, but only a few works deal with the binder-aggregate interaction. With cement concrete, much more attention is paid to this issue. This paper deals with the possibility of observation using electron microscopy and the information that can be obtained by this method. The problems of sample preparation and difficulties in the course of our own observation are monitored.
Profiles of Problematic Soils and Spatial Distribution: Implication on Foundation Construction in Parts of Kosofe Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria.
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Oloruntola, Moroof Olasunbo; Bayewu, Olateju O.; Kehinde, Kolawole; Obasaju, Daniel Opemipo
Geotechnical data were complemented with geophysical investigation and employed to delineate problematic soils in parts of Kosofe Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. The study area was chosen because of known issues regarding cracks in buildings and differential settlement of infrastructures founded on soils in the area. The aim is to generate profiles and maps of the spatial distribution of the subsurface soils to aid in foundation planning. Forty eight borehole logs and nine Vertical Electrical Soundings were compiled to delineate the different subsurface lithology which include peat, clay and sand. The results showed that the peat layer has maximum thickness of about 18.25 m but absent in some boreholes. This is underlain by clay unit with thickness ranging between 2.50-28.50 m. Sand unit constitute the third layer delineated with maximum thickness of 14 m. There is a general thickening of peat soils in the northern parts, especially around the streams in the area, which is instructive on the role of stream in the formation of the peat. The clay on the other hand is thickest around the northeastern and southeastern parts. The soil profiles generated reveal that the area is underlain by thick peat and clay having significant lateral, vertical variation and rapidly changing lithological facie over short distances. The extensive occurrence of these poor engineering soils calls for adequate engineering precaution in designs of building foundation.
Organic geochemical analysis of shaly facies from two wells within Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Ikhane, Phillips R.; Oladipo, Olajide Vincent; Adeagbo, Olusola Ayoade; Oyebolu, Olalekan Olayiwola
Organic geochemical analysis of two selected wells penetrating shale facies of the Anambra basin was conducted with the view of evaluating the section in terms of quantity and quality of organic matter, genetic potential, organic matter type, thermal maturity as well as determining the type of hydrocarbon that could be generated. Geochemical parameters such as Total Organic Carbon (TOC), S1 (representing free and adsorbed hydrocarbons present), S2 (representing hydrocarbons generated directly from the kerogen), S3 (carbon dioxide CO2 present) and maximum temperature (Tmax) as well as Hydrogen Index (HI), Oxygen Index (OI), Production Index (PI) and Genetic Potential (GP) were derived and calculated from the pyrolysis data. Result indicated that Well 1 samples have an average TOC of 1.21 wt % which is considered good in organic matter quantity and fair in quality, while Well 2 samples are organically lean, poor in quantity and quality with average TOC value of 0.15 wt %. The Genetic Potential (GP) expressed as (S1+S2) for Well 1 and Well 2 averages 2.03 and 0.68 mg HC/g respectively, indicating, a poor generational potential. The HI, OI and S2/S3 values of Well 1 samples are 146.56 mg HC/g, 226.78 mg HC/g and 0.86 respectively which on plots suggest the kerogen as type IV although few samples fall within the type III area. This contrasts with Well 2 samples having HI, OI and S2/S3 values as 343.67 mg HC/g, 276.78 mg HC/g and 1.26 respectively. Thus making the kerogen type to be interpreted as type III. Judging from Tmax (average of 441.670C for Well 1 and 470.440C for Well 2) and PI (average of 0.13 for Well 1 and 0.24 for Well 2) values, Well 1 samples are within the oil generating window whereas Well 2 samples are overmatured generating dry gas. Deductions from the result of geochemical analysis, depicts that the kerogen of Well 1 samples will generate oil while that of Well 2 samples have propensity to generate dry gas.
The Ghout of Souf: an original hydroagricultural system
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Miloudi, Abdel Monem; Remini, Boualem
This article deals with the subject of the Ghouts; an old hydro agricultural system of origin of the valley of Souf which, today is in distress. Hundreds of Ghouts were flooded by the waters of the lift and backfilled. Work missions were carried out in the oases of Souf during the period 2007-2017 to try to understand the decline of this heritage. Unfortunately it is the waters from the Albian aquifer of the Continental Intercalary and the sanitation that is the main cause of the decline of the Souf Ghouts.
Integrated geotechnical and geophysical investigation of a proposed construction site at Mowe, Southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Oyedele, Kayode F.; Oladele, Sunday; Nduka, Adaobi C.
The subsurface of a proposed site for building development in Mowe, Nigeria, using Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) and Horizontal Electrical Profiling (HEP), was investigated with the aim of evaluating the suitability of the strata for foundation materials. Four SPT and CPT were conducted using 2.5 tonnes hammer. HEP utilizing Wenner array were performed with inter-electrode spacing of 10 – 60 m along four traverses coincident with each of the SPT and CPT. The HEP data were processed using DIPRO software and textural filtering of the resulting resistivity sections was implemented to enable delineation of hidden layers. Sandy lateritic clay, silty lateritic clay, clay, clayey sand and sand horizons were delineated. The SPT “N” value defined very soft to soft sandy lateritic (<4), stiff silty lateritic clay (7 – 12), very stiff silty clay (12 - 15), clayey sand (15- 20) and sand (27 – 37). Sandy lateritic clay (5-40 kg/cm2) and silty lateritic clay (25 - 65 kg/cm2) were defined from the CPT response. Sandy lateritic clay (220-750 Ωm), clay (< 50 Ωm) and sand (415-5359 Ωm) were delineated from the resistivity sections with two thin layers of silty lateritic clay and clayey sand defined in the texturally filtered resistivity sections. Incompetent clayey materials that are unsuitable for the foundation of the proposed structure underlain the study area to a depth of about 18m. Deep foundation involving piling through the incompetent shallow layers to the competent sand at 20 m depth was recommended.
Geophysical assessment of subsurface conditions at proposed building sites: implications for foundation failure and building collapse
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Ariyo, Stephen Oluwafemi; Fatoba, Julius Ogunmola; Bayewu, Olateju O.; Omosanya, Kamadeen Olawale; Lawal, Muhideen A.
Building collapse has been a recurrent environmental hazard in Nigeria in the last two decades. This is a corollary of inadequate foundation investigation prior to construction, poor government policies, and general lack of awareness on the importance of geophysical and geotechnical investigations. In this study, geological mapping and detailed geophysical investigation using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were carried out to understand the suitability of proposed building sites at the main campus of the Olabisi Onabanjo University (OOU), Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria for construction. Both Wenner array and dipole-dipole were used for profiling and Schlumberger for sounding. Four transverses and VES were used in each of the three areas investigated. Our results show that the subsurface of the study areas is underlain by Precambrian basement rock of Nigeria. Rocks in the study area include banded gneiss, porphyroblastic gneiss, biotite-hornblende granite and quartzite schist. The sounding stations across the three areas and 2D resistivity imaging revealed three principal geoelectric layers, the topsoil, the weathered layer and the fractured/fresh basement with varied resistivity values for each layers. At the VES stations, the three geoelectric layers have resistivity values of 62 to 1182 Ωm, 3.2 to 1360Ωm and 87 to 4680 Ωm. On the 2D resistivity imaging profiles, the resistivity of the three layers varies from 2 to 1182 Ωm, 30to 1360 Ωm, and 40 to 2904 Ωm for the topsoil, the weathered basement, and fractured/fresh bedrock. Our work demonstrates that some of the proposed sites are structurally incompetent for engineering or foundation purposes. Excavation of the topsoil and reinforcement are required to sustain the proposed structures.
Testing of Sealing Elements for FIB Apparatus Designed to Liquidate Open Eruption by Drilling Tools
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Bujok, Petr; Klempa, Martin; Ryba, Jakub; Porzer, Michal; Šancer, Jindřich
Petroleum and natural gas still have their place among the most important resources in many industrial areas. Their global consumption influences an increasing demand on the quality of drilling works and the efficiency of extraction. Nonetheless, even in this field of human activity, we can encounter exceptional events and accidents. One of the most serious kinds of accidents during exploration is the so called open eruption of extracted medium. The specific case of this accident is an open eruption caused by drilling tools when a working crew is not capable of securing drilling workplace. In order to solve this emergency situation, Main Mining Rescue Station Hodonin (HBZS Hodonin),in cooperation with researchers from Faculty of Mining and Geology at VSB -Technical University of Ostrava, designed and developed specialised apparatus DPRP (Drill Pipe Rescue Press), working designation FIB-1. This apparatus enables the liquidation of eruption by pressing the drilling pipe. The residual crack, which remains following the pressing, must be eliminated by sealing materials. This paper reviews the testing of sealing elements (materials), designed by our team, in residual crack of circle shape with help of hydraulic press MTS 816 Rock Test System.
Integrated very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) geophysical and hydrogeochemical study of Abeku dumpsite in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Osinowo, Olawale Olakunle; Falufosi, Michael Oluseyi; Okafor, Austin Ejimunkonye
Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and hydrogeochemical studies have been integrated to measure ground conductivity and also determine the concentration of leachate derived contaminants in the groundwater around Abeku dumpsite in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Ten (10) VLF-EM profiles were occupied within and around the dumpsite fence. Water sample from wells were also analyzed to determine the concentration of pollutants in the study area. Qualitative interpretations of VLF-EM results indicate relatively high ground conductivity within the dumpsite, which decreases away from the actual waste dump phase of the dumpsite. Ground conductivity is relatively higher in the south and east of the dumpsite which are located downhill of the groundwater hydrostatic head when compared with the north and west of the study area situated uphill of hydraulic gradient. Hydrogeochemical analyses present NO3-, SO42- and PO42- ions concentration in the range of 9.24 – 13.64 mg/L, 3 – 12 mg/L and 0.33 – 1.07 mg/L respectively. The SO42- and PO42- ions concentrations are within permissible limits, while the NO3- ion concentration is slightly above the Federal Ministry of Environment’s standard for potable water in Nigeria.
Results and use of non-linear behavior between length and bond friction of fully grouted rock bolts in selected jointed rock masses
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Holý, Ondřej
The anchor length db of rock bolts is often determined empirically by the insertion of the bond friction constant τb at the grout-rock interface. The relationship between force Fb by limit bond stress and bond length (or bond area) is their ratio. Within the same location, the anchor length can be overestimated or underestimated by usage τb = constant. In this paper, the results of load tests of passive rock bolts were analyzed across the many rocks of the Bohemian Massif using selected parameters (RQD index, GSI values, bulk density ρv, uniaxial compressive strength UCS) and their correlation. It was found that the relationship between the anchor length and the limit bound friction is non-linear and is influenced by selected parameters and the type of anchor grouting material (cement and resin). It was considered a state where τb = f (db, Fb, ρv, UCS, RQD, GSI) for 3 types of bonding (1-cement sealing, 2-cement grouting, 3-mixing of resin cartridge). The achieved and measured bond friction was verified by solving the polynomial roots using the CG (conjugate gradient) method. The accuracy of the results reached the maximum mean difference value absΔτb = 0.02 MPa and the standard deviation SD = 0.058. With this verified model, a simulation of random variables was performed by the Monte Carlo method for Fb = const. with the uniform and normal distribution with n = 1500 samples. The results were converted to diagrams represented by the mean value of the uniform distribution (best fit curves) and the normal distribution envelope curves (for 3σ).
Mapping of aquatic invasive animals in Ca Mau province
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Nam, Le Hoai; Duc, Pham Anh
This study aims to enhance the discussion about the usefulness of invasive animals for biodiversity assessment in Mekong Delta provinces. Data were used the area of 5.331 km² Ca Mau Province [1]. The data covered the period 2017 – 2018. To implement this evaluation, the analyses were based on the scientific documents “Introduction to Invasive Species in Vietnam” of Vietnam Agency of Biodiversity Conservation and “The Aquatic Invasive Species Assessment and Management Plan” Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, and the working experiences of research group for the invasive species assessment [2, 3]. The results found two invasive animal species such as apple snail – Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) and Amazon sailfin catfish – Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) [2]. These species mapped in the map of Ca Mau Province. The problem of invasive species has become an important issue of concern for the local government and community. However, if appropriate targets for ecosystem management planning is suggested, these "invaders" can be prevented the spread of invasive species.
Hydrostatic levelling
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Pospíši, Jiří; Dandoš, Rostislav
The paper aims to introduce the distribution, history and the basic physical principles hydrostatic leveling. The principle of this method is based on known law of connected vessels filled with fluid. Well known equipment is surface water level, the height of the surface is deducted on millimetre scale. There are currently used devices that allow deducting with accuracy of 0,01 mm.
Surface mines of mining area Žacléř – creating and using of financial reserves for remediation and reclamation
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Černá, Kristýna; Mališ, Jiří
Companies engaged in mining, are legally obliged to ensure remediation and reclamation of land affected by mining. Creation and use of financial reserves is subject to approval and control of the Mining Authorities. Methodology of creating financial reserves given the mining company itself and elect its own way a financial reserve forms. In our paper, we describe the methods of creating financial reserves specific mining company GEMEC Union for remediation and reclamation after coal surface mining. It will be chronological comparisons coal mining in the two quarries, including principles for creating and using financial reserves to remediation and reclamation.
Water quality in a disturbed mining landscape, Czech Republic
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Vaštyl, Michal; Valová, Barbora; Vaňková, Barbara
In this article we assess the impact of water flow system and precipitation on choose hydro chemical parameter in water-bearing subside areas. Key findings of this study are significant correlation coefficient values obtained from the precipitation amount and occurrence of total phosphorus and phosphates. Therefore the significant effect of other anthropogenic activities on water reservoirs was excluded. The conclusion of this study is that inflowing water (in the case of relatively clean streams) and precipitation can have a positive influence on hydrochemical parameters in water-bearing subside areas and generally contribute to dilution.
Water supply status in rural areas of the Mekong delta and development measures
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Nguyen, Thuy Lan Chi; Phan, Dao; Kyncl, Miroslav
Rural people in the Mekong Delta (MD) use surface water from rivers and canals for daily activities; and in areas far from the canals, people use rainwater for cooking and drinking. In certain areas, people use shallow layered groundwater and deep layered groundwater from drilled wells 80m – 100m deep. The quality of water used in daily activities of rural people is almost uncontrolled. Somewhere water supply systems are used, but they have been built over many periods, certain ones for over 50 years ago, thus having a lot of damage and many deposits, causing loss of pressure and huge loss of water. The issue of repairing, replacing and installing more water supply networks in urban areas is facing lots of financial, technical difficulties.
Can be abandomed a traditional irrigation in the Quakda oasis (Algeria)?
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Remini, Boualem; Rezzoug, Cherif
Can we abandon traditional irrigation to the detriment of modern irrigation in the oasis of Ouakda? Is the question we posed in this study? Indeed, based on three missions carried out in the oasis of Ouakda during the years 2013, 2015 and 2016, we made visits and investigations to ancestral works as well as surveys of the local population. The results indicate that the Ksourian population irrigated the gardens and the palm grove by surface and underground water. Two ancestral dams made on the Bechar River for irrigation the gardens of the lower part. On the other hand, the foggaras irrigated the upper part of the palm grove. Today, new land has been built on the upper part of the palm grove. Thanks to new hydraulic techniques such as drilling and motor pumps, modern agriculture has developed on the other side of the palm grove to the detriment of oasis agriculture.
Creation of the web service of Ukraine´s national natural parks as an instrument for the analysis of territories and determining issues in the administration and land use of territories
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Bugaenko, Irina
The paper focuses on the development and implementation of an electronic cadastre for territories of all National Natural Parks (NPPs); the creation of effective mechanism for registration, monitoring and research of NPP territories, etc., using GIS-technologies. Geographic information systems (GIS) are used by the countries across the world to create conditions for predicted development and sustainable land use to increase the efficiency of management of territories within the NPPs, and the improvement of the natural environment (NE) in leading countries of the world.
Struvite formation from wastewater: affecting factors and nutrient recovery
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Tran, Nguyen Thi Thuy; Yen, Le Thi Hoang; Hanh, Le Thi Hong; Thanh, Bui Xuan
Never human being has to face such a serious lack of phosphorus and pollutants from human activities. Nutrient recovery from wastewater is a new trend which attracts the interests of several researchers. Extraction of the nutrients, based on struvite crystal from wastewater as nutritious sources, has been assessed as an urgent solution to tackle the water pollution issue. This review focused on feature characteristics of struvite as a chemical fertilizer for plant, struvite formation process in various wastewaters, which is related to physio-chemical conditions, and potential of applying this idea into practice.
Evaluation of natural attractions of the isle Gran Canaria for tourism requirements
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2018) Schejbal, Ctirad; Michalík, David
The study analyzes the natural attractions of the island of Gran Canaria and subsequently how to improve their usability for tourism. In the analysis, such natural attractions were chosen like natural monuments and beaches belonging to the Blue Flag programme. Other natural attractions were chosen according to their originality. The assessment of the selected attractive places is based partly on quantified criteria (distance, elevation, area, length, etc.), and on expert assessments using the criteria that affect the properties of the evaluated objects relevant to tourism. The principles of description of the selected indicators for the evaluated attractions vary by type of objects and the existing conditions of their spatial distribution and tourism facilities. The proposed methodology for evaluating natural attractions has proven suitable for the needs of the selection of attractions for geoscience and montanistic tourism products. The necessary data are readily obtainable both from maps and from our own observations. On the basis of the analysis, certain modifications of the selected attractions were recommended, and an cognitive excursion route oriented on natural attractive places of the island was designed.

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