Ekonomická revue. 2012, roč. 15

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/90366

Browse

Now showing 1 - 19 out of 19 results

Analysis of two degree levels in terms of post-university employability
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Toninelli, Daniele; Biffignandi, Silvia
Recently two levels of graduate degree have been introduced in the Italian University system. This study identifies the key factors underlying postgraduate employability. A comparison of the two degree levels, together with the main profiles of the two groups of graduates, is provided. Segmentation analysis (the CHAID algorithm) is applied to the 2009 population of graduates surveyed so as to profile graduates and identify employability factors. The findings could potentially support a decision-making perspective: they underline important factors that ease the entrance of graduates into the working environment.
Are manufacturing companies improving their sustainable value added?
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Straková, Juliana
The intensity and variety of societal and economic activities is increasing in number and causing different kinds of harmful effects on ecosystems and all their components. The methods evaluating these mostly negative effects on the environment (i.e. methods valuing negative externalities) by valuing the capital of a specific companies are known as burden-based methods. The value-oriented method known as sustainable value added takes into account the value created by all the resources used in a company. In this article we present the results of an analysis of sustainable value added created by ten European companies in the manufacturing sector with regard to seven different environmental resources. We compare the value created in the respective companies in 2003 and in 2010 to the target values. Our results show that companies now perform better than in 2003 though some of them cannot be described as sustainable when considering EU targets as benchmark values.
Global environmental, social and economic crises: voluntary corporate activities
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Dočekalová, Marie; Kocmanová, Alena
The article deals with the global problems of mankind, which are causing environmental, social and economic crises. Another possible cause of crises is the failure of the government and management of companies (corporate governance). Based on a literature review, this article aims to define and categorize global problems and to discuss selected approaches to crisis solutions. While activities to solve crises on a macro level appear to be inefficient, the initiatives of companies will play a key role in the resolution of instability in a global system. The incorporation of sustainability into corporate governance through responsible investment, transparent reporting, corporate social responsibility, etc. should bring stability and sustainability to a global system.
Survival analysis: a case study of micro and small enterprises in Dolnośląskie and Opolskie Voivodship (Poland)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Łobos, Krzysztof; Szewczyk, Mirosława
The aim of the study is to achieve initial recognition of the factors that determine the survival rate of Polish micro and small enterprises. The research, conducted in June 2011 and covering a sample of 147 entities, constitutes a pilot study. We explore the determinants of companies’ survival and test whether firms with different characteristics exhibit different performances in terms of the duration of survival. The results indicate substantial differences in the survival rates. The factors taken into account in this study, which to the greatest extent possible differentiates the whole sample in view of survival, are: running the business with employees or alone and specialist vs. popular activity as regards the required competences. Larger firms (with employees) are significantly less likely to close than smaller firms. Firms in highly competitive markets are more prone to closure.
Význam informační asymetrie pro regionální správu
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Šulc, Michal
The subject of this article is the information asymmetry in the area of regional management. The aim of the Author is to discuss the significance of the information asymmetry for the regional government at the level of Czech regions. On the basis of present competences and powers of regional self-governments the main areas of the information asymmetry presence are identified. Possibilities of regional self-government how to eliminate the information asymmetry in the regions are discussed. First of all, there is the principal-agent problem. The regio-nal self-government is partly the agent of local people and partly the principal in relation to its allowance organi-zations. Furthermore, the information asymmetry is also present in the grants providing and it is asymmetric information of the grant recipients’ qualities. The asymmetric information is evident in some types of goods and services provided by regional self-government, especially in the education and health care systems. Within the detached powers, the regional self-government has instruments to eliminate the information asymmetry in the private agents’ market relations in the region.
The influence of advertising on the purchase of pharmaceutical products
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Valečková, Jana
The size of the pharmaceutical market and pharmaceutical sales is increasing constantly. The market is flooded with new drugs and preparations. There is an increasing amount of advertising (e.g. television and print) for these medicaments. This paper analyses the relationship between (1) advertisement awareness and the purchase of medicaments and (2) noticing advertising leaflets in a pharmacy and the purchase of medicaments. Five groups of drugs are monitored, namely vitamins and minerals, immunity support medicines, painkillers, pharmaceutical cosmetics and medicines to support the nervous system. Analysis is carried out using logistic regression methods to determine the odds ratio of purchase and purchase probability. The coefficients are estimated using the maxi-mum likelihood method. The contribution involves listing those pharmaceutical products whose purchase is influenced by advertising. We found relationships between purchase and advertisement awareness (print and television) for vitamins and minerals, painkillers and pharmaceutical cosmetics, and relationships between purchase and the perception of leaflets for vitamins and minerals, pharmaceutical cosmetics and immunity sup-port medicines.
Ekonometrická analýza vzájemných vazeb akciových trhů nových členských zemí EU před vypuknutím a po vypuknutí finanční krize
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Chaloupka, Jiří
During the recent financial and debt crisis, spillovers of shocks between stock markets occured, which negatively influenced national economies. Interconnections of stock markets is therefore of vital interest to central banks and scientific research. Previous research of the markets of the new EU member states, however, focused primarily on their integration with the global market or the euro-area. This article therefore investigates and describes interac-tions among markets of the new EU member states. Based on the results of correlation, cointegration and regres-sion analysis and vector autoregression model, the article concludes that before the beginning of the crisis in 2007, national markets were rather affected by domestic information than by information from other countries. This changed after 2007, when the significance of information from other countries (especially from Hungary) sharply increased and the markets became sensitive to regional information.
Assessment of efficiency in Visegrad countries and regions using DEA models
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Staníčková, Michaela; Melecký, Lukáš
This paper applies Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods to evaluate the performances of Visegrad Four (V4) countries and their NUTS 2 regions. It analyses the degree of efficiency achieved in individual countries and regions of V4, which is perceived as a reflection of the development potential in the reference period 2000–2010. The theoretical part of the paper is devoted to the fundamental bases of efficiency analysis in the context of performance theory and the methodology of the DEA method. The empirical part measures the effectiveness of the four countries and 35 NUTS 2 regions using six selected DEA models. When applying the DEA method in the analysis, we use selected indicators of inputs and outputs, which are part of the EU's growth strategies. Using the DEA method for efficiency evaluation is preferable because it evaluates a set of factors that determine the degree of economic development. The DEA method is based on the inputs and outputs of used indicators and it evaluates how efficiently countries and regions are able to transform their inputs into outputs. Therefore, the efficiency of countries and regions can be considered to be a mirror of performance. Each country and region is ranked in terms of its effective and ineffective economic positions within V4. The final part of the paper offers a comprehen-sive comparison of the results obtained using the selected DEA models, namely the CCR model, BCC model and SBM.
Assessment of the variability of technical coefficients from input-output tables in the Czech Republic during 1995–2010
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Kaštan, Milan
The variability in technical coefficients calculated based on the input-output tables published by the Czech Statis-tical Office for the period 1995 to 2010 is examined in the present paper. The low variability of coefficients is a prerequisite for their applicability in macroeconomic forecasts and analysis. The paper progressively deals with the meaning of technical coefficients, the method of their calculation, and the characteristics of variability. It was found that the variability of coefficients is high and, therefore, that the technical coefficients, with few exceptions, are unsuitable for making predictions.
Reality of benchmarking at the local government level in Slovakia
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Mikušová Meričková, Beáta
Outcomes of realized researches in service benchmarking at the local self government level in Slovakia have showed the limited and merely dummy implementation of this method. The local self government bodies express the ambition to introduce the method of benchmarking in performance management. However, this ambition alone is not sufficient for producing the expected results of benchmarking in higher effectiveness and quality in service delivery. The goal of this paper is to confirm the problem of dummy benchmarking implementation in service management at local government level by outcomes of a primary research realized in 141 self government bodies. The analytical part provides selected data trying to face the relatively optimistic account of benchmarking using in service delivery management given by the attitudes of the local authorities’ representatives towards usage of benchmarking with the outcomes of the service delivery analysis targeting the expected results of benchmarking usage – the proper make or buy decision regarding the effectiveness and quality services. This unique approach comparing the original collected survey data on expressed benchmarking using with supplementary data on services delivery enable to check the reality of benchmarking in service delivery management.
The relations of real and nominal convergence in the EU with impacts on the euro area participation
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Drastichová, Magdaléna
Real convergence of economies in macroeconomic terms is accompanied by convergence of nominal variables. The paper provides an analysis of the relationship of the GDP per capita development as an indicator of the real convergence and the development of the comparable price level as a representative of the nominal convergence in relation to the EU average value in the EU economies. Using the concept of convergence, the development of variability of real and nominal convergence indicators among the EU and euro area economies is also evaluated. The Maastricht criteria are an alternative concept of the nominal convergence and their fulfilment interacts with the convergence in previous conceptions. The aim of the paper is to detect relationships between the real and nominal convergence via given indicators within the EU economies, with impacts on the euro area participation regarding the obligations to comply with the Maastricht criteria. In this sense the impacts on the new Member States are taken into account. It is clear that countries of the EU with lower levels of GDP per capita also achieve lower price levels and that simultaneous real and nominal convergence is likely to occur in these countries. The Maastricht criteria may lead to negative effects on the catching up economies joining the euro area, which experience simultaneous real and nominal convergence in the above mentioned conceptions.
Ensuring knowledge continuity and elimination of employee turnover in organisations in the Czech Republic
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Urbancová, Hana; Linhartová, Lucie
The goal of organisations is efficient management leading to the efficient use of time, the minimisation of errors and the improvement of the organisations’ productivity. The article focuses on the factor of knowledge continuity, which can contribute strongly to productivity enhancement and simultaneously eliminate the impact of employee turnover and subsequent loss of knowledge of its employees. The purpose is to reveal the current approach in Czech organisations with regard to the causes of employee turnover and knowledge continuity as a critical part of human resource management and to formulate relevant recommendation. The data evaluated here has been obtained through two primary surveys of managers in organisations in the Czech Republic. The outcomes reveal that efficient management, based on applying techniques of knowledge management and knowledge continuity management, may eliminate the negative impact of employee turnover on the loss of knowledge in organisations. The utilization of knowledge held by knowledge employees can contribute to the improvement of efficiency of individual processes and in turn the productivity of the entire organisation. For management to be efficient, managers have to use suitable methods of employee leadership and to create conditions that support knowledge sharing, transfer and preservation. If appropriate conditions are established, employee turnover does not need to lead to the loss of knowledge possessed by knowledge employees.
The 100 largest companies in the Czech Republic and Poland in the year 2010: a comparative study of economic performance
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Szewczyk, Mirosława; Łobos, Krzysztof
The main purpose of this paper is to compare the 100 largest Czech and Polish companies on the basis of selected measures of economic effectiveness and also with regard to other characteristics of their activities such as export activities and rationality of employment. A division of the examined group was introduced and included some companies which concentrate on production activity (Group P) and others whose activity focuses on trading and service (Group TS). A chi-square test of independence, a z-test and cluster analysis were used. The structure of the 100 largest companies, in regard to the application of the criterion of division into P and TS, was not significantly different. The Czech Group P enterprises seem to be, on average, slightly better managed than their Polish counterparts. The classification (cluster analysis) allowed the separation of six groups of companies into different characteristics.
Nezávislost de jure versus de facto - hrozba dichotomie : Islandská centrální banka
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Janíčková, Lenka
One of the most outstanding characteristics in the recent development of the central banking is the genesis of the central bank independence. Nevertheless this evolution is mainly based on improvement of legislation. This paper examines the possibility of dichotomy between central bank independence de facto and de jure on the case of the Central bank of Iceland. The aim is to evaluate independence de jure and de facto of the chosen central bank. The possibility of disharmony between these types of the independence will be shown on the results. The independence of the chosen central bank was studied during the last twenty years when the independence of this central bank made the biggest progress. The development of both types of independence was quantified due to indexes which are focused on the main aspects of independence. The results of the paper have shown that despite of important legislative changes which were focused on empowering independence de jure there still remain great deficiencies in the independence de facto.
Návrhy daňových změn : kolik přidají veřejným rozpočtům?
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Janský, Petr; Dušek, Libor
Evaluation of the impacts of tax changes on government revenues and expenditures is indispensable for evidencebased policy making. Czech government discussed several alternative proposals to change the value added tax (VAT) rates and social security rates during 2010 and 2011. This article estimates the impact of these proposals on the public sector budget deficits. The main contribution of the article is in quantifying a wide range of response channels through which the proposed tax changes affect the government revenues and expenditures. The relationship between the proposed VAT changes and the pension reform is discussed, as is the reallocation of revenue and expenditures within the public sector.
Benchmarking a jeho vliv na výkonnost úřadů obcí s rozšířenou působností
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Vrabková, Iveta
Paper deals with the application of benchmarking in the practice of the selected type of public administration institutions in the Czech Republic – authorities of municipalities with extended powers. Benchmarking belongs to methods of increasing quality of public administration which are applied in terms of public administration institutions in the Czech Republic since the year 2000, particularly in conditions of territorial self-government authorities. Aim of the paper is to describe and evaluate benefits of benchmarking for improving the performance and quality of authorities of municipalities with extended powers. In the first part of the paper, there are defined basic theoretical postulates in the view of types, application and possibilities of benchmarking, both in general and also in terms of public administration. Following parts of the paper are focused on the evaluation of questionnaire survey conducted in 2010 among the active authorities of municipalities with extended powers in the area of benchmarking, mainly through the means of correlation analysis.
Jsou ženy v České republice mzdově diskriminovány? : závěry z vybraného podniku
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Hedija, Veronika; Musil, Petr
The paper examines the amount of gender pay gap (GPG) in the selected company to find out if the company wage discriminates women or not. To estimate the discriminatory component of gender pay gap, authors have used two methods: the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the method of pair-wise comparison. The authors conclude that in selected companies the gender pay gap is about 19%. This pay gap cannot be explained by different performance characteristics of men and women in this company. By contrast, women have better characteristics compared to men. Their wages should be higher than the wage of men. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, it was found that the effect of discrimination makes up more than 100% of GPG. The existence of wage discrimination against women in the company has been confirmed using method of pair-wise comparison too.
Mikroekonomický scoringový model úpadku českých podniků
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Valecký, Jiří; Slivková, Eva
The paper is devoted to the proposing a scoring model of firm´s bankruptcy on the basis of logistic regression which could be used in the purpose of classifying the good and bad firms in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the general foundation of logistic regression is described and then the general procedure of model-building strategy including the statistical verification and in-sample validation are explained. Then, we have built the empirical scoring model using results of financial analysis carried out over 400 Czech firms in 2008 and we select such financial ratios with the most substantial prediction capability, i.e. return on assets, current and long-term indebtedness and cash ratio. Our proposed model is fully statistical verified and we also perform the in-sample validation via classification table and ROC curve. Finally, we compare our model with others studies made in this field.
Dekompoziční analýza příjmové nerovnosti v České republice
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2012) Malá, Zdeňka; Červená, Gabriela
The paper focuses on an analysis of income inequality of population in the Czech Republic on the basis of data from the Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, for the period of 2005–2009. The partial goals of the paper include evaluation of the development of primary income inequality in the Czech Republic, evaluation of the effects of income components and also tax-transfer tool on the income inequality. The basic methodological tool is the Gini coefficient and its decomposition according to individual categories of incomes. The analysis identified a decreasing tendency of income inequality. The main determinant affecting income inequality may be considered income from entrepreneurship. Tax-transfer tolls effectively eliminate mentioned inequality and the social incomes have the strongest redistribution effect. The establishment of equal tax in the year 2008 does not cause increase in income inequality.

Browse

Recent Submissions