Publikační činnost Katedry energetiky / Publications of Department of Energy Engineering (361)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/64762

Kolekce obsahuje bibliografické záznamy publikační činnosti (článků) akademických pracovníků Katedry energetiky (361)v časopisech registrovaných ve Web of Science od roku 2003 po současnost.
Do kolekce jsou zařazeny:
a) publikace, u nichž je v originálních dokumentech jako působiště autora (adresa) uvedena Vysoká škola báňská-Technická univerzita Ostrava (VŠB-TUO),
b) publikace, u nichž v originálních dokumentech není v adrese VŠB-TUO uvedena, ale autoři prokazatelně v době jejich zpracování a uveřejnění působili na VŠB-TUO.

Bibliografické záznamy byly původně vytvořeny v kolekci Publikační činnost akademických pracovníků VŠB-TUO, která sleduje publikování akademických pracovníků od roku 1990.

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Now showing 1 - 20 out of 90 results

Plastic particles in urban compost and their grain size distribution
(Elsevier, 2024) Brťková, Hana; Růžičková, Jana; Slamová, Karolina; Raclavská, Helena; Kucbel, Marek; Šafář, Michal; Gikas, Petros; Juchelková, Dagmar; Švédová, Barbora; Flodrová, Šárka
Gathering information on plastic particles in composts and the processes they undergo is important in terms of potentially limiting their further entry into the environment, for example, in improving the fertilising properties of soils. Microplastics (MPs) were determined in composts produced from urban greenery. They are present in decreasing order: polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The determination of polymers and additives used to improve their properties was performed by pyrolysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Py-GC/MS). Additives and microplastics are most concentrated in composts in the 0.315-0.63 and 0.63-1.25 mm grain size class, together with the carbon contained in the compost dry matter. Additives form 0.11-0.13% of MPs in dry matter of compost. The average concentration of microplastics in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm is 2434 +/- 224 mg/kg; in the total sample of composts, it is 1368 +/- 286 mg/kg of P-MPs. For composts with particle size <2.5 mm, a relationship between the C/N ratio and the plastic particle concentration was statistically significant. It documents a similar behaviour of lignocellulose and plastic particles during the degradation processes. A relationship between the concentration of polymer markers and additives in the compost dry matter and their concentrations in the leachate has been demonstrated. The leachability from compost is higher for additives than for chemical compounds originating from the decomposition of the main components of MPs. The suitability of the use of the compost for agricultural purposes was monitored by the germination index (GI) for watercress. The lowest value of the GI was determined in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm. The leachability of polymer markers and additives alone cannot explain the low GI value in this grain size class. The GI value is also influenced by the leachability of chemical compounds characterised by the value of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water-leachable nitrogen (N-w). A statistically significant dependence between DOC/N-w and the germination index value was found.
Pyrolysis solid product as a sorbent for flue gases mercury capture - Part I: Sorbent formation and characteristics
(Elsevier, 2024) Jadlovec, Marek; Honus, Stanislav; Čespiva, Jakub
This study investigates the pyrolysis of various materials (solid recovered fuel, digestate, hay pellets, straw, polyethylene, and tires) at temperatures ranging from 350 to 650 degrees C, with retention times between 90 and 190 minutes and a heating rate of 10 degrees C center dot min-1. Its focus is on utilizing pyrolysis residue-char as a sorbent for mercury capture from flue gas during conventional fuel combustion. Physical and chemical activation techniques employing NaOH as an oxidizing agent are used to enhance surface area and pore volume. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and various analyses, are employed. Results indicate solid fraction recoveries of 77%wt. for solid recovered fuel, 58%wt. for tires, and 48%wt. for straw, with average recoveries of 47%wt. solid, 18.7%wt. gaseous, and 34.3%wt. liquid fractions. After applying the activation processes, the results reveal that the most suitable sorbent is the straw sample, where the specific surface area and pore volume are 148.95 m2 center dot g-1 and 0.0569 cm3 center dot g-1 after physical activation and 640.98 m2 center dot g-1 and 0.2867 cm3 center dot g-1 after chemical activation, respectively. These findings suggest promising applications for pyrolysis char as sorbents, with significant improvements achieved through activation methods. The application of the developed sorbents for mercury capture in a real flue gas environment is closely investigated in Part II of this study.
Augmentation of pool boiling heat transfer using the laser treatment technology
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2024) Orman, Łukasz J.; Honus, Stanislav; Radek, Norbert; Kargul, Marcin
The paper discusses applying the laser technique to modify the copper heater surface. The interaction of the laser beam with the base material leads to its melting, and various shapes can be obtained during the process. The study is focused on the boiling heat transfer analyses of the specimen in the form of a disc with longitudinal microfins of a height of 0.5 mm. The optical microscope was used to determine the morphology of the surface. The laser beam generated significant roughness, which benefitted the overall thermal performance. Considerable heat transfer augmentation was recorded for the laser–made surface in relation to the untreated sample, which served as a reference. The heat flux was several times higher, while the laser–treated sample's boiling curves were shifted to the area of smaller temperature differences. Two boiling models proved unsuccessful in predicting the heat exchange process occurring during pool boiling of distilled water and ethyl alcohol. According to the Smirnov, Xin and Chao models, the average differences between the experimental data and calculation results were ca. 93 kW/m2 and 116 kW/m2 for water, 78 kW/m2 and 68 kW/m2 for ethanol.
Application of laser treatment technology for boiling heat transfer augmentation
(De Gruyter, 2024) Orman, Łukasz J.; Radek, Norbert; Honus, Stanislav; Pietraszek, Jacek
Boiling heat transfer can be enhanced when the heater's surface morphology is altered. The paper discusses the use of the laser beam to produce efficient heat exchangers. Two types of samples were investigated with distilled water and ethyl alcohol as boiling agents. The specimens differed with the height of the microfins: 0.19 mm and 0.89 mm. It was observed that both of them enhanced boiling heat transfer in comparison to the smooth reference surface. However, the sample with higher microfins performed better, especially in the region of low temperature differences, where the heat flux was about three times higher than in the case of the smaller microfins. The comparison of the experimental data with selected models of boiling heat transfer revealed significant differences with regard to the heat flux. The laser-made samples dissipated larger heat fluxes than it could be anticipated according to the models. It might be linked with high surface roughness of the area between the microfins, generated as a result of the laser beam interaction with the surface.
Comprehensive economic analysis of a multi-tubular reactor
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Naidoo, Shalini; Lokhat, David; Čárský, Milan; Das, Dipa; Meikap, Bhim Charan
Multi-tubular reactors allow for highly selective and mostly highly exothermic catalytic or non-catalytic reactions to occur making them essential in various industrial processes. Our Present work was to develop a generalised rigorous costing method applicable to industrially designed multi-tubular reactors. In this report, a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) industrial multi-tubular reactor was rigorously costed. Capital costs totalled to R,52,491,606 with material costs attributing the highest cost contribution (48%). The operating cost amounted to R,18,258,067 with cleaning and maintenance attributing the highest cost contribution(67%). The reactor purchase price was evaluated to R,36,201,107. This differed by 41.5% from the purchase price found using a shell and tube heat exchanger costing method. The total annual cost (TAC) assuming a 3-year payback was found to be R,35,755,269.
The case study of the surface roughness influence at additively manufactured ejector and orifice plate and its impact on fluid flow
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Šmída, Zdeněk; Výtisk, Jan; Jadlovec, Marek; Lukeš, Roman; Honus, Stanislav; Vrtek, Mojmír; Nesser, Bassel
Energy consumption and economic growth are strongly linked. In connection, great emphasis is nowadays placed on the accuracy and efficiency of machines and measuring equipment. This study compares the effect of surface roughness on airflow through a gas ejector and a centric orifice plate. Both devices are made from the same material but using two different methods of manufacturing, conventional and additive manufacturing. The study compares, experimentally and with numerical simulation, the subcritical ejector by adjusting the distance between the nozzle outlet and the mixing chamber outlet in the range of 16.9 mm, during the primary inlet pressure control from 10 to 50 kPa. The orifice is evaluated experimentally for different pressures from 0.6 to 7 bar(g). The study evaluates the level of substitutability of conventionally manufactured devices by those produced using the additive method. At design condition, the additively manufactured ejector exhibits a 12.97% lower ejection coefficient, i.e. lower effectivity. After control optimization, the decrease is reduced to 11.66%. For the additively manufactured orifice, the measured value of the pressure difference at nominal parameters deviated by 2.17%. In the case of the orifice, substitution is possible, assuming the calibration, but the orifice has a higher-pressure loss.
Performance of the heat pump and photovoltaic systems installed in the single-family house
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2024) Dębska, Luiza; Honus, Stanislav; Dąbek, Lidia; Nowak, Aleksandra
Renewable energy sources are increasingly common in Poland, and a growing number of single-family houses are now equipped with such systems. The article presents the study of the performance of the heat pump and the photovoltaic system installed in a house in the Swietokrzyskie Province near the city of Kielce. The data related to thermal and electrical energy generation throughout three years has been analysed with a focus on the advantages offered by such systems in the climate conditions of Central Poland. It turned out that 2022 was the best year for electricity production because it exceeded the value of 8000 kWh, and in the winter period from November to February, energy production balances at 200-300 kWh, which proves the high efficiency of panels for electricity production even in unfavourable climatic conditions. The heat pump generates the smallest energy production to heat the house in the summer, while in the winter, this production increases intensively due to the heating season in Poland. These are values from 1500 kWh to values above 3000 kWh. Similarly, in the case of domestic hot water, these values are higher in winter than in summer. Additionally, the work includes electricity consumption before and after the installation of renewable energy sources. Simplified economic analysis has also been presented in the paper. The simple payback period is estimated at approximately 9 years.
Comparative analysis of subjective indoor environment assessment in actual and simulated conditions
(MDPI, 2024) Orman, Łukasz Jan; Siwczuk, Natalia; Radek, Norbert; Honus, Stanislav; Piotrowski, Jerzy Zbigniew; Dębska, Luiza
This paper experimentally analyses an indoor environment assessment of a large group of respondents regarding their subjective perception of overall comfort, indoor air quality and humidity. The questionnaire survey was applied as a testing method together with measurements of the physical parameters conducted with a microclimate meter. Two types of environment were analysed: educational rooms and the climate chamber. The comparative analysis of the sensations experienced within them indicates that they generate quite similar responses; however, some discrepancies have been identified. The overall comfort of the climate chamber was typically assessed as being higher than that of the educational rooms at the same air temperature. The most favourable air temperature in the climate chamber was ca. 20.7 degrees C, while in the educational rooms it was ca. 22.3 degrees C. The most preferable conditions in the climate chamber occurred at a thermal sensation vote of -0.4 ("pleasantly slightly cool"), while in the educational rooms it occurred at +0.2 ("neutral/pleasantly slightly warm"). Quite strong correlations between overall comfort and indoor air quality as well as between humidity assessment and humidity preference votes were observed, which did not seem to depend on the type of environment. These findings are important because results from the simulated conditions are often used in the analyses of actual living/working environments.
Investigation of thermal comfort, productivity and lighting conditions in higher education buildings
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2024) Siwczuk, Natalia; Piotrowski, Jerzy Zb.; Honus, Stanislav
Thermal comfort and lighting conditions are essential aspects of indoor environmental quality. They are considered to influence the productivity of room users. The paper presents the experimental test results of research conducted in the university educational building of Kielce University of Technology (Central Poland) using anonymous questionnaires and physical measurements of indoor air parameters with a high-precision microclimate meter. It covers the analysis of the subjective assessment of thermal sensations, acceptability and preference, as well as productivity, lighting and air quality in eleven rooms (both lecture rooms and classrooms). The study analyses the impact of the indoor environment (mostly air temperature and illuminance) on the subjective sensations of the respondents they expressed in the questionnaires. The experiments have enabled us to provide valuable insights into developing the proper indoor environmental conditions to maximise room users' comfort and productivity.
Differences in heat losses between glazing of various emissivities related to night sky radiation: Experimental and numerical analysis
(Elsevier, 2024) Pospíšilík, Václav; Honus, Stanislav; Lukeš, Roman; Jadlovec, Marek; Štukavec, Ondřej
Radiation from cloudless night skies causes significant heat loss through glazing, resulting in higher heating costs. This study investigated the heat loss of glazing due to night -sky radiation as a function of its emissivity. A measuring apparatus comprising measuring stations mounted with glazing and two different emissivities was set up. The glazing losses and amount of energy radiated from the sky in the infrared region were measured. Additionally, to indicate the impact of other factors, a numerical model of glazing heat loss was prepared. A difference in temperature and heat losses between conventional glazing with an emissivity of 0.89 (29.47 W/m(2)) and coated glazing with an emissivity of 0.14 (5.43 W/m2) was observed. The temperature difference and heat losses were 54.26 % (1.28(degrees)C) and 81.6 % (24.04 W/m2), respectively, in favour of the coated sample. The novelty of this study is the determination of heat losses from glazing of different emissivities due to radiation in the night sky under real conditions, with the indication of other factors. These results motivate further research on coated glazing to reduce heat loss. This numerical model can serve as a blueprint for examining similar applications.
Pollutants production, energy recovery and environmental impact of sewage sludge co-incineration with biomass pellets
(Elsevier, 2023) Jadlovec, Marek; Výtisk, Jan; Honus, Stanislav; Pospíšilík, Václav; Nesser, Bassel
This study describes the production of pollutants, energy recovery and environmental impact of the co-incineration of sewage sludge and biomass pellets. The main objective of this study is to describe the use of energy generated by co-incineration and to assess the environmental impact of emitted pollutants. Co-incineration takes place in five different blended. The combustion takes place in a fluidised bed reactor with an average combustion temperature of 915–939 ◦C. The combustion process is mapped by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Continuous Mercury Monitoring Systems, thermocouples, pressures, and flows sensors. The results show that the concentrations of harmful substances, namely SO2 and NOX, reach values of 12.39–1730.33 mg•m–3 N for SO2 and 93.30–1156 mg•m–3 N for NOX. This means that the emission limits are exceeded 40 times for SO2 and 8 times for NOX in the worst case. Regarding heat recovery, the resulting value of potential energy recovery from the flue gas is 5.35–7.69 MJ•kg–1 , and as the sewage sludge content in the fuel increases, the heat recovery value decreases. The resulting values of pollutant concentrations are also analyzed using a life cycle assessment approach using the GaBi software. The results show that sewage sludge incineration has the greatest impact on climate change, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and human toxicity. Again, as the sewage sludge content in the fuel decreases, the hazardousness of the discharged flue gas decreases. This study presents a relatively promising option to use sewage sludge as a secondary fuel in large combustion sources under certain conditions.
Waste for building material production as a method of reducing environmental load and energy recovery
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Latosińska, Jolanta; Gawdzik, Jarosław; Honus, Stanislav; Orman, Łukasz J.; Radek, Norbert
Proper treatment and recycling of waste are crucial for the natural environment. Biowaste and ash might be used for ceramic building material production. Reduction in the amount of waste leads to the smaller burden on the environment, and it can also offer recovery of energy. This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the compressive strength of samples made from clay with waste additives: ash and sewage sludge. It was proven that the increasing amount of the waste materials decreases strength properties in all incineration temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to determine the internal structure of the samples. Tests of heavy metal leaching revealed that the concentration of copper, chromium, nickel, and zinc in leachate generally decreased with an increase in sintering temperature. Moreover, the level of chromium was observed to exceed the permissible level.
Comparative analysis of indoor environmental quality and self-reported productivity in intelligent and traditional buildings
(MDPI, 2023) Orman, Łukasz J.; Krawczyk, Natalia; Radek, Norbert; Honus, Stanislav; Pietraszek, Jacek; Dębska, Luiza; Dudek, Agata; Kalinowski, Artur
People tend to spend considerable amounts of time in buildings; thus the issue of providing proper indoor environmental quality is of significant importance. This paper experimentally analyses the subjective sensations of the occupants of intelligent and traditional buildings with the focus on possible differences between these two types of buildings. The study is based on a large database of 1302 questionnaires collected in 92 rooms where simultaneous measurements of the indoor environment physical parameters (air and globe temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and illuminance) were carried out. Their impact on the subjective assessment of the indoor environment has been presented and analysed. The results show that the occupants seemed to be more favourable towards the indoor conditions in the intelligent building; however, the differences in comparison to the traditional buildings were not considerable. Similarly, self-reported productivity proved to be higher in the intelligent building, while the optimal range of air temperature, which ensured highest productivity, was 22–25 ◦C. Moreover, a strong correlation between the occupants’ overall comfort and their perception of the air quality has been found.
Life cycle assessment applied on alternative production of carbon-based sorbents – A comparative study
(Elsevier, 2023) Výtisk, Jan; Čespiva, Jakub; Jadlovec, Marek; Kočí, Vladimír; Honus, Stanislav; Ochodek, Tadeáš
Carbon-based sorption materials have excellent performance in numerous applications, and for their high porosity and sorption performance, these materials are irreplaceable in the industry; however, their manufacturing is demanding and usually fossil-dependent. This comparative study applies the life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis on the alternative production of carbon-based sorption materials and highlights its environmental benefits. The chosen raw materials are softwood pellets (SWP) and solid recovered fuel (SRF) from the local municipal waste collector. The analysis showed interesting equality of these two materials in terms of primary energy demand, specific energy consumption, and environmental impact. The overall favour of the SWP over the SRF is nearly negligible and not always damning. Also, the matter of emissions into the air was hardly distinguishable, with the most significant deviation equal to 1.7% (inorganics into the air). A similar statement applies to environmental impact determination using two life cycle impact assessment methodologies: ReCiPe 2016v 1.1 (H) and Environmental Footprint 3.0. Specific energy consumption of each process was also investigated and compared to better understand the requirements and environmental impact of the selected route of alternative sorbent production. As a result, gasification (3 kWh∙kg−1) appears to be less energy-demanding than hot-steam activation (4.5 kWh∙kg−1) due to scaling and the ability to process excessive amounts of material. The analysed procedure suggests a promising alternative for sorbent manufacturing toward sustainability and a lesser environmental footprint.
Thermal comfort analysis in the smart sustainable building with correlation development
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2023) Dębska, Luiza; Honus, Stanislav; Krawczyk, Natalia; Orman, Łukasz J.; Piotrowski, Jerzy Zb.
The paper presents the results of the experimental study of thermal comfort in the smart building of Kielce University of Technology (Poland). The experiments were conducted throughout four seasons of the year and focused on developing a modified thermal comfort correlation that could determine the thermal sensations of room users more accurately than the standard methodology. Twelve groups of volunteers participated in the study, and thermal sensations were analysed for both genders separately. Even though the thermal environment was not considered overwhelmingly favourable (with 75% of men and 60% of women providing positive assessment), thermal acceptability was high. It amounted to 90% (the same for both genders). The air temperature of 22°C proved to be most preferable. The BMI index and CO2 concentration were found to influence thermal sensations and were incorporated into a modified correlation, which provided more accurate results than the original Fanger model of thermal comfort.
Validation of the Fanger model and assessment of SBS symptoms in the lecture room
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2023) Krawczyk, Natalia; Dębska, Luiza; Piotrowski, Jerzy Zb.; Honus, Stanislav; Majewski, Grzegorz
The indoor environment of buildings significantly affects the well-being and health of room users. Experiencing thermal discomfort reduces concentration and productivity during study or work, causing drowsiness, fatigue or deterioration in general well-being. The study focuses on presenting the results of the questionnaire study on the symptoms of sick building syndromes (SBS), namely: dizziness, nausea, eye pain and nasal mucosa, experienced by 69 students during a lecture in a large and modern auditorium of Kielce University of Technology. The results show that many students experienced SBS symptoms, which seem to have affected their concentration during the class. The article also discusses the thermal sensations of the students with a focus on comparing the obtained results with the Fanger model of thermal comfort. The discrepancy between the model calculation results and the experimental data has been observed and discussed.
Investigation of thermal comfort in the intelligent building in winter conditions
(Wydawnictwo Środkowo-Pomorskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego Ochrony Środowiska, 2023) Orman, Łukasz J.; Honus, Stanislav; Jastrzębska, Paulina
The paper analyses thermal sensations, preferences and acceptability as well as humidity sensations of students in the intelligent building "Energis" of the Kielce University of Technology (Poland). The tests were performed in 8 lecture rooms, during which the volunteers filled in the anonymous questionnaires (with 3 to 7 possible answers for each question) and – simultaneously – physical air parameters were measured with Testo 400 microclimate meter. The study aimed to determine if the intelligent building provides proper indoor environment conditions during the heating season and to assess the accuracy of the standard methodology for thermal comfort determination. Experimental analysis of thermal and humidity sensations revealed that a share of the respondents critically assessed the indoor environment: 17% regarding temperature and 30% regarding humidity. Moreover, the standard methodology for thermal comfort calculations proved overwhelmingly inaccurate compared to the experimental data (with the results for 6 rooms being beyond the 50% error range). Since smart buildings are still not very common in Central Europe, the experimental data obtained in the study can be valuable both from the scientific but also practical point of view – providing useful data for building engineers and designers.
The pelletization and torrefaction of coffee grounds, garden chaff and rapeseed straw
(Elsevier, 2023) Jezerská, Lucie; Sassmanová, Veronika; Prokeš, Rostislav; Gelnar, Daniel
Waste biomass pelletization is a suitable process for obtaining energy dense solid fuel. If the pellets are further processed by torrefaction, both their qualitative and energy parameters are changed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the torrefaction process on pellets made from coffee grounds, garden chaff and rapeseed straw. Mechanical parameters, such as the pellet durability index, the wettability index of the pellets, their water moisture resistance, hardness, or specific and bulk density were determined for evaluation. Furthermore, pellet energy parameters such as the heat of combustion, calorific value, or elemental analysis were compared. Pelletization of the above-mentioned waste biomass and the torrefaction of the pellets were carried out in pilot plants. The first results showed that the torrefaction process for all samples increased the values of the heat of combustion or the values of the carbon content. The energy value of the pellets increases. The higher heating value of torrefied coffee ground pellets reached 26 MJ kg−1. The ash content also increases with these values. A simple energy balance has been carried out. Therefore, the study shows an insight into the energy use of coffee grounds and chaff from the garden compared to the results of the rapeseed straw pellets for the pelletization and torrefication process.
Softwood and solid recovered fuel gasification residual chars as sorbents for flue gas mercury capture
(Elsevier, 2023) Čespiva, Jakub; Jadlovec, Marek; Výtisk, Jan; Serenčíšová, Jana; Ochodek, Tadeáš; Honus, Stanislav
The scope of this paper is focused on gasification char (GC) utilisation as a direct sorbent for mercury capture from coal combustion flue gas. GC, being a waste material from thermochemical conversion, can represent an economically feasible variation of active coal-based sorbent. The aim of this study is to determine the absorption capacities of GC produced from softwood pellets (SWP) and solid recovered fuel (SRF). The influence of particle size and hot steam activation was examined. The carbon content in produced GC was between 73.7 and 93.4% wt., and SBET parameter up to 737.2 m2middotg-1. The Hg removal efficiency eta Hg was determined by a continuous mercury monitoring system. Promising removal efficiency results were obtained in the case of 0.5-2 mm particle size, hot-steam activated with 76.5 and 62.3% for SWP and SRF GC material, respectively. The results clearly suggest a promising, unconventional approach to waste utilisation in energetics, avoiding its inconvenient disposal. Thus, GC utilisation in the proper way may help to improve the sustainability of the circular economy on both small and big scales and, consequently, have a positive impact on various environmental aspects, such as air pollution control or extraction of resources minimalization.
Techno-economic analysis of fluidized bed combustion of a mixed fuel from sewage and paper mill sludge
(MDPI, 2022) Čárský, Milan; Šolcová, Olga; Soukup, Karel; Králík, Tomáš; Vávrová, Kamila; Janota, Lukáš; Vítek, Miroslav; Honus, Stanislav; Jadlovec, Marek; Wimmerová, Lenka
The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is one of the most important and critical issues of wastewater treatment plants. One option for sludge liquidation is the production of fuel in the form of pellets from mixed sewage and paper mill sludge. This study presents the results of the combustion of pelletized fuels, namely sewage and paper mill sludge, and their 2:1 and 4:1 blends in a fluidized bed combustor. The flue gas was analysed after reaching a steady state at bed temperatures of 700-800 degrees C. Commonly used flue gas cleaning is still necessary, especially for SO2; therefore, it is worth mentioning that the addition of paper mill sludge reduced the mercury concentration in the flue gas to limits acceptable in most EU countries. The analysis of ash after combustion showed that magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, and lead remained mostly in the ash after combustion, while all cadmium from all fuels used was transferred into the flue gas together with a substantial part of chlorine and mercury. The pellets containing both sewage and paper mill sludge can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel for fluidised bed combustion. The levelized cost of this alternative fuel is at the same current price level as lignite.

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