GeoScience Engineering. 2024, vol. 70

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/154872

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Now showing 1 - 13 out of 13 results

Mapping Intrinsic Groundwater pollution by Applying the Drasticgos model using Geospatial Data: The Case of the Ghriss Pain (Northwestern Algeria)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Messaouda, Khelfi; Benslimane, Mohammed; Bentkhici, Nadjla; Karoui, Soufiane
The Ghriss aquifer in northwestern Algeria is undoubtedly one of the country’s most important reservoirs. Highly coveted by an ever-increasing domestic and agricultural demand, this potential has been confronted in recent years with a high pollution load from chemical inputs, nitrogen fertilizers and phytosanitary products, which are added to the discharge of poorly treated wastewater, leading to contamination risks for public health and disruption of local biodiversity. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of intrinsic vulnerability of the various forms of pollution introduced into the groundwater by the socio-economic activities carried out on the plain. The method is based on the universal DRASTIC model, supplemented by GOS parameters, coupled with a Geographic Information System (GIS) and geospatial data, obtained by remote sensing, enabling the various modeled parameters to be measured: water aquifer depth, net recharge, aquifer lithology, soil type, topography, impact of the vadose zone, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, land use and aquifer type. The cross-referencing of thematic maps highlights the emergence of groundwater pollution vulnerability classes (very high, high, medium, and low) and consequently the related causes. The results obtained and validated by the DRASTIC model indicate high vulnerability in 31% of the plain’s alluvial aquifer, medium-sensibility zones in 68% and low-sensibility zones in 1%. As for the DRASTIC-GOS model, vulnerability to water pollution is classified into four distinct levels: low (0.04%), moderate (2.17%), high (1.21%) and very high (96.58%). In other words, the DRASTIC-GOS model reveals that the entire plain is threatened by anthropogenic pollution, confirming the good performance of this mapping approach for monitoring groundwater resources.
Geoelectrical Investigation of Subsurface Heterogeneity and Influence of Roots on Infrastructural Planning
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Avenbuan, Nosayaba; Alile, Owens Monday; Onobrakpeya, Collins Uviemine
Tree roots pose risks to buildings and roads by applying pressure to foundations and pavements, causing structural defects and instability. Their growth can modify soil composition, impacting stability and drainage. Effective planning and management are vital to addressing these issues in construction projects. At the University of Benin, Faculty of Education open field, a geoelectric survey was conducted to assess tree root spread. Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) with a Wenner-Schlumberger array, six traverses formed a 3D model, processed using RES3DINV software, and visualised in Voxler. The 3D model showed a distinct top layer, with resistivity values ranging from 895.00Ωm to 1549.00Ωm at a depth of approximately 8.20m. Notably, resistivity values exhibit spatial heterogeneity, influenced by both anthropogenic activities and natural features such as trees. Elevated resistivity zones between 10.00m and 187.00m are attributed to human activity, while variations along the horizontal axis are associated with the presence of tree roots. Our findings underscore the significance of integrating geophysical methods for detecting tree roots, which is essential for infrastructure planning and management.
Valorization of Phosphate Wastes from the Djebel Onk Mine for Better Environmental Management
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Zeghina, Sara Imane; Bouslama, Amina; Benselhoub, Aissa
Algerian phosphates are the most exploited mineral resource and are considered an important source of foreign currency and a vital element in the mining sector. However, phosphate waste must be valorized for the product to be marketable. Phosphate waste, treated through washing and calcination, meets industrial requirements and international standards, with a P2O5 content of 31 %. Various tests of calcination and washing of phosphate waste are carried out to thermally dissociate the carbonates of the exogenous and endogenous gangue from the ore within a temperature range typically between 700 and 1000 °C. To reduce the proportions of CaO and MgO compared to P2O5, the second important step involves hydrating the oxides of Ca and Mg to subsequently remove them. According to this study, it can be concluded that the calcination and washing method can be applied to phosphate waste, as it has increased P2O5 content. This technique is simple and cost-effective and does not require heavy investments in industrial equipment.
A Laboratory Study on use of Screw-Type Friction Bolts as New Soft Rock Stabilizers
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Komurlu, Eren
In this study, load bearing capacities of screw bolts as a new friction bolt type was investigated carrying out a series of laboratory studies. New screw-type friction bolts with sharp threads were inserted into holes drilled in various soft rocks by applying rotation. Screw bolts and split sets inserted in different soft rock types were investigated to comparatively evaluate their load bearing capacity values. According to the results obtained from this study, new screw bolts were found to supply better load bearing capacity values than those of the split sets. Although the split sets are quite popular friction bolts used in rock engineering, they have significant disadvantages resulting from their poor anchorage performances in soft rocks. By making grooves on drill hole contact surfaces, increased coefficient of friction and load bearing capacity values can be supplied by new screw bolts which were found to be advantageous for using in soft rocks.
Does the Exploatation of the Damous Wadi Aquifer Make it Vulnerable to Marine Intrusion?
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Hallouche, Ouassila; Yameogo, Missom Gontran Armel
The Damous wadi aquifer in the coastal city of Tipaza in Algeria provides the town of Damous with potable water as well as the irrigation of the crops grown in the valley. In order to see the effect of this exploitation on the level of the water table, we measured during five campaigns the depth at which the water is fond in seven wells. Four of these wells are located near the sea, one far from it and two intermediate wells. We also measured other parameters such as a conductivity and the level of chlorides in the water from these wells to see if the groundwater is polluted by seawater. The results obtained showed that the water is 3 m or 4 m away except for the well farthest from the sea where the water is more than 6 m away. For wells close to the sea, the conductivity reaches for some 3000 μS/cm and the chlorides concentration 300 mg/l. These results remain consistent with Algerian standards. The Damous wadi aquifer seems to resist the marine intrusion to which it is sometimes subject thanks to the good rainfall and the releases from the Kef Eddir dam from which it benefits.
Flood Frequency Analysis in the Catchment of Oued Mazafran in the Northern OF Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Suici, Elkheir; Yahlaoui, Abdelhalim; El-Meddahi, Yamina
Extreme flood events are commonly described by several dependent characteristics, such as duration, volume and peak flow. In Algeria and North Africa, flood frequency analysis is conducted as a univariate approach focusing separately on each single of flood characteristics. The analysis of flood in oued Mazafran catchment by the flood frequency analysis is crucial for understanding and managing flood risk, designing infrastructure and planning for floodplain management. To perform flood frequency analysis, the series of the annual maximum flow discharge of Fer a Cheval station is fitted to a probability distribution. Well, several probability distributions can be used to fit this series such as Gumbel, Log Normal, Log Pearson type III, and more. The Choosing a single distribution probability has become an important question in hydrology frequency analysis. Therefore, the use of the decision support system that is based on the heavy tails of distribution probability analysis conducts to the use of sub- exponential distributions and information Criterion to the Gumbel distribution for this analysis.
Analysis and Quantification of Water Erosion in Northern Algerian WatershedsS
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Bellout, Mahieddine; Boutoutaou, Djamel
Algeria is characterized by a semi-arid climate, particularly vulnerable to erosion of agricultural land, where physical, hydroclimatic, geomorphological and socio-economic conditions are highly favourable to the onset and acceleration of this phenomenon. High concentrations of suspended sediments transported by rivers to dams and reservoirs represent a significant problem for water management and the sustainability of these infrastructures. During this study, solid transport data were collected from the Agence Nationale des Ressources Hydrauliques database. The data set includes a total of 132 hydrometric stations throughout the country. Exploiting pairs of instantaneous liquid flow measurements (m³/s) and instantaneous solid flow measurements (kg/s) has led to the establishment of regressions at different time scales, thus concluding that the power model is the most appropriate based on the coefficient of determination R². The average annual specific erosion varies from one watershed to another, generally between 11,75 and 5978,34 T/km².year. The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to study the average monthly solid discharges of 132 hydrometric stations, and the results obtained highlight the presence of four hydrologically homogeneous groups. Multiple regression was performed on the four groups to highlight a potential relationship between the dependent variable, specific erosion, and other explanatory variables. The correlations indicate that each group is influenced by parameters distinct from the others, as in the case of group A, where the correlations between specific erosion, on the one hand, and the other hand, the Average slope of a watershed (Im), lithology index (IL), runoff coefficient (RC), and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are significant.
Intrinsic Value of Stocks of “Big Oil” Companies
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Chrascina, Marek; Vaněk, Michal; Pekarčíková, Kateřina
This research investigates the intrinsic value of stocks of companies within the oil extraction sector. The focus is on publicly traded corporations part of “Big Oil”: ExxonMobil Corporation, Chevron Corporation, TotalEnergies SE, BP plc, Shell plc, and ENI S.p.A. The numerous fundamental analysis intrinsic value of stocks models is being applied to the Big Oil consortium. This article stands out for its unique focus on utilizing dividend discount models, earnings models, and cash flow models to calculate the intrinsic value of stocks in major oil companies, which is currently missing in existing studies as of April 2024. Through this approach, it not only forecasts stock prices but also provides investment recommendations, offering fresh insights into stock evaluation and uncovering potential investment prospects within these companies according to intrinsic value of stocks. Specific mathematical models for the intrinsic value of stocks are applied to each examined company for this calculation. The intrinsic value of stocks in companies recommended for investment was found to be undervalued by 7.25% for dividend discount models, 8.25% for earnings models, and 36.75% for cash flow models compared to their current market values. The assessment of intrinsic value of stocks reveals the suitability of investing in these companies: TotalEnergies SE, BP plc, Shell plc, ENI S.p.A. These results offer valuable insights for stock investors in the oil sector, as well as organizations under investigation and other stakeholders in the oil extraction industry.
Development of Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency and Recycling
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Vácha, Martin; Lapčík, Vladimír
Photovoltaics are currently experiencing a huge boom in Europe. European policy is focusing on the deployment of renewables in the energy sector and the electrification of the European vehicle fleet. This articlefocuses on comparing the efficiency of different types of materials and technologies in the construction of PV panels and briefly summarises current technologies for recycling PV panels after the end of their productive life. One of the panels compared was part of a field measurement and its valuesare partly reported by the manufacturer, partly measured and partly calculated. The other values for the sample of materials used are obtained from scientific literature or annual reports of the manufacturers. The articleshows that the original average values of 10% to 20% efficiency of PV panels are still shifting, and some materials and technologies now allow efficiencies of up to 38%. High hopes are especially placed on perovskite materials, GaAs cells, or combinations of these with other materials.Unfortunately, we have not made much progress in the recycling of photovoltaic panels and, with minor modifications, the methods already used for the first generation of photovoltaic panels are still used. These are mainly the mechanical method, the chemicalmethod and combinations of these.
Salt Distribution in Common Reed Biomass at Increased Salinity
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Kočířová, Jana; Nováková, Jana; Svozlíková Krakovská, Aneta; Stalmachová, Barbara; Voznicová, Simona
This article describes salt distribution (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) inhalophytic plants,common reed (Phragmites australis)taken from four locations inOstrava -DůlLazy, Karvinský potok, Heřmanický rybník, Nový rybník.Theresearch aimed tofind out where salts, but also other elements acting ascontaminants intheenvironment arestored, how they aredistributed, what physiognomic changes they cause intheplant, andtowhat extent common reed can face thestress conditions ofsalinity inthephytoremediation process.Theexperiment took place under controllable conditions inthephytotron -temperature 25°C, light regime 12hours day/12hours night, air humidity 60%, light intensity 150μmol.m-2.s-1.Bunches ofreeds were subjected togradual salinization with 1% to5% Darkov salt solutions. Biomass samples were analyzed byinstrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA)andatomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)methods.Based on the results of measurements conducted using the AAS and NAA methods, it can be concluded that the dominant element in the reed beds at all four specified sites of interest is potassium. It is bioaccumulated in the aboveground part of the plant. The highest concentration of potassium was found in the aboveground part of the reeds from the Karvinský potok site; the lowest was observed in the aboveground part of the reeds from the Nový rybník site.The growth analysis was not conducted according to the methodology, but another interesting finding is that reed beds from the Nový rybník site exhibited the best tolerance to salt stress and the gradual process of salinization with 1% to 5% solutions of Darkov salt.
Wood Diversity and Regeneration in Post-Industrial Landscape: Case Study from Selected Locations
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Voznicová, Simona; Kočířová, Jana; Pastrňáková, Marie
Dendrological research investigating the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors on the dendroflora was carried out at six post-mining sites: the “Halda Ema”mine dump, part of the Terezie tailings, the slopes of the Petr Bezruč mine dump, the Mokroš wastepond, the DarkovSeaarea and surroundings of Loucké ponds (Ostrava and Karviná regions). The reference area was a mixed deciduous forest in the Landek NNMin Ostrava. Our research findings confirm that anthropogenic and natural factors have a significant influence on the distribution and composition of woody flora in post-industrial sites. We noted significant differences in biodiversity between reclaimed areas and naturally regenerating areas, which points to the need for targeted management and conservation strategies to support the sustainable restoration of these landscapes. The highest levels of biodiversity were found at the "Halda Ema" mine dump, suggesting that site-specific characteristics are key to supporting species diversity. The results underline the importance of long-term monitoring and analysis of the influences that shape the woody flora in these areas, and emphasize the need to integrate ecological, social and economic aspects into the regeneration process. Variability in thebiodiversity of woody plants between individual locations was revealed, with the greatest diversity at the "Halda Ema” dumpand part of the Terezie tailings. Our study also reveals a higher prevalence of native plant species over invasive species in most of the monitored sites, which may reflect favorable ecological conditions or effective management strategies that prevent the spread of invasive species. These patterns, which agree with previous studies, suggest that ecological factors including habitat preference and human influence play a critical role in plant community dynamics. These findings expand our understanding of the process of landfill succession and the factors influencing biodiversity, reinforcing the importance of an integrated approach in ecological and environmental research to inform conservation and management practices.
Passportization of Greenery in the Castle Park of Šenov
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Pastrňáková, Marie; Kubaczková, Andrea; Voznicová, Simona; Stalmachová, Barbara
PASSPORTIZATIONOF GREENERY IN THE CASTLE PARK OF ŠENOVMarie PASTRŇÁKOVÁ1, Andrea KUBACZKOVÁ1, Simona VOZNICOVÁ1, Barbara STALMACHOVÁ11 HGF, VSB –Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic;marie.pastrnakova.st@vsb.czABSTRACTIn today's Europe, passporting is mainly carried out by private landscaping companies, which offer their customers a complete appreciation of their property on the market. From the private sector of individuals, this is not a frequent phenomenon in our country. In the Czech Republic, this trend is limited mainly by the financial situation of the majority of the population. These services are thus used in the state sector by the administration of parks and greenery, which must keep records of all costs of maintaining public greenery. The inventory of greenery is discussed abroad mainly in connection with forest management, which, in contrast to orchard evaluation, broadens its horizons to other attributes, including substance flows, soil erosion, the amount of biomass and the amount of excavated material. With the growing consumption of wood and the global problems related to this issue, the ecological value of greenery, which is often introduced into legislation, is being emphasized in EU countries, but alsoin the Western world.The thesis focuses on the passportization of vegetation greenery in the Šenov Chateau Park. It deals mainly with a new method of evaluation, which consists of calculations using a professional calculator prepared by the Agency for Nature and Landscape Protection. Furthermore, this thesis deals in detail with the changes that have taken place since the last inventory within the revitalization of the Castle Park, which was carried out by Ing. Petr Ondruška. At the end of the thesis, there is a map and a proposal for further care. Lists of taxa can be viewed in the appendices, which are a guide for the entire evaluation.
Characterization and Comparison of Different Types of Clay Powder
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2024) Prokeš, Rostislav; Žídek, Martin; Vaněk, Filip
From tennis through volleyball to athletic sports, clay plays important role as subsoil. The bulk material, clay, is cheap, because it is recycled product made at low cost by crushing bricks and clay tiles. Due to its compressibility and friction properties, it is an ideal material to produce clay courts. Therefore, friction parameters, compressibility factors and flowability were investigated. These mechanical-physical properties are also important for the practical handling of these materials, such as storage and transport of the material. For this purpose, three basic types of clay powder were characterized and compared. Experimental work was performed using Schulze RST-01 rotary shear tester, Powder Rheometer FT4, laser particle analyzer Cilas 1190 and particle analyzer CAMSIZER. Shape analysis of the samples was also performed. The subject of the research was how the volume changes depending on the applied normal stress, and the dependence of the internal friction angle. Initial results showed that variations in the shape and size of the clay particles can cause differences in the behavior of the tested powders.

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