GeoScience Engineering. 2020, vol. 66

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/139126

Browse

Now showing 1 - 19 out of 19 results

Evolution of Traditional Water Collection Techniques in the Algerian Sahara
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Hamdaoui, Tahar Medjdoub; Remini, Boualem
This article discusses many of the inherited techniques for collecting and managing spring water used in the gardens of Boussaada, Ain Madhi, Small Mechria, and Stitten located in the Saharan atlas’ ranges over a period of nine centuries. Based on the missions carried out since 2017 in the four regions, we conducted site investigations and surveys of the local population. The results showed that domestic water supply and irrigation were carried out using traditional water collecting techniques such as well and foggara and small dams. The water harvesting technology characterizes a specific region according to its topography and hydrology. Currently, this hydraulic heritage meets technical and social problems, especially with the advent of modern technologies that give more water with less human effort but hurt the environment. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive inventory of all water sources in the study areas while evaluating the negative impact on them due to the emergence of modern technologies.
Effects of the Sintering Temperature on the Properties of Porous Ceramic Membrane Support Made of Fly Ash, Kaolin, and Claystone
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Thomasová, Barbora; Thomas, Jan; Gembalová, Lucie
In this article, the influence of the sintering temperature on the properties of porous ceramic membrane support made of low-cost inorganic materials is reported. Fly ash was used as a dominant component since it presents cheap, abundant waste material and can be activated by alkalis to form porous structure with great mechanical resistance. Fly ash from coal combustion and additives, which consist of natural kaolin and claystone, were mixed with 5M NaOH solution to make a paste suitable for extrusion. Properties of created tubular porous supports, sintered at temperature ranging from 900 to 1100 °C, were characterized using a number of methods. Tubes sintered at 1000 °C were selected for microfiltration purpose. The morphology of the surface of these samples, studied by scanning emission microscopy (SEM) show homogeneous and crack free structure. Mercury porosimetry indicates uniform pore size distribution with average pore size value of 2.5 μm and pore volume of 38 % and show good mechanical resistance (7.7 MPa). These properties make fly ash-based ceramics suitable as membranes supports for microfiltration membranes technology
Study of Available Methods to Evaluate the Concentrations of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Mine Waters from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Placová, Karla; Heviánková, Silvie
Mine water samples from North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin (NBBCB), the Czech Republic, were tested. These mine waters were taken from the drilled hydrological wells in the mentioned NBBCB area. The purpose of the analysis was to find an available method to evaluate the concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) using available equipment. Mine water samples were taken in February and April 2020 from the NBBCB area. Samples were first concentrated using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). The extracts were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with the diode array detector (DAD) external standard method. The standard ISO 17993 was used in the analysis procedure, which was optimized for the HPLC/DAD system. The original detection limit of 0.005 µg/l set by the standard was adjusted to 0.0025 µg/l for 16 PAHs by optimizing the method. The total content of 16 PAHs ranged from values below the detection limit to 0.7315 µg/l. All concentrations were below the limit values for groundwater. The results showed that the mine waters from the NBBCB area are not contaminated with PAHs.
Exploration of the Optimum Rice Husk Biochar for Atrazine and 2,4-D Removal: Different Pyrolysis and Modification Conditions
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Binh, Quach An; Anh, Nguyen Hong; Kieu, Vo Thi Diem; Dang, Nguyen Hai; Hao, Nguyen Quy; Tung, Tra Van
In this study, the best RHB (rice husk biochar) was investigated through the effect of pyrolysis synthesis processes and modifications. Five biochars were synthesized from rice husk waste materials at different pyrolysis temperatures (400 to 600 °C) in oxygen-limited conditions. The biochars were modified by acids to remove minerals on the surface area. The characteristics of the biochars were determined including surface morphology, specific surface area, and functional groups. The herbicide adsorption was accomplished by the batch equilibration method. The result indicated that the biochar that synthesized 500 °C for 6 h had the highest maximum adsorption capacity. The optimum RHB was biochar modified with HF acid. The optimum biochar had less or no minerals and it achieved abundant functional groups on the surface areas. The pore volume distributions in pore sizes of micropores and narrow mesopores played an important role to perform the uptake of the herbicides, they were in the range of 7.90 % and 59.26 %, respectively. The high-efficiency removals of atrazine and 2,4-D by optimum biochar were 82.70 % and 95.10 %, respectively. The rice husk biochar is a suitable adsorbent to remove herbicides from the aqueous environment.
In Quest of Ores from Bohemia to the End of the World : How a Geologist sees the World
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Pošmourný, Karel
In Quest of Ores from Bohemia to the End of the World is the name of a new book by Petr Láznička, a leading Czech-Canadian-Australian geologist, published in Czech this year. Professor Petr Láznička (Peter Laznicka) is a globally renowned expert in the field of ore deposits and metallogenesis. Similar publications on the world's ore deposits in Czech are rare. We can state that the work of Professor Petr Láznička is in a way exceptional. During his 65-year career, he became a recognized authority in the fields of deposit geology and metallogenesis. Unfortunately, he has become more recognized abroad than in the Czech Republic. This book is the first comprehensive publication in Czech about Láznička’s life and work. At the same time, it is also an expression of honours to his merits in the scientific and economic knowledge of ore deposits and his approach to this complex issue.
Verification of Biodegradation Efficiency of Textile Wastewater Using Ecotoxicity Test on Sinapis Alba
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Pavlíková, Marie
The impact of biodegradation of textile wastewater using the microorganism Phoma sp. was assessed and verified. The resulting ecotoxicity of biodegraded wastewater on seeds of Sinapis alba was evaluated in accordance with the Methodological Instruction of the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic for the evaluation of toxicity of waste and aqueous extracts (Decree 94/2016 Coll.). Wastewater from the textile industry produced in connection with wool dyeing was tested, the first sample (A) was taken immediately after the dyeing process, the second sample (B) was taken from the first rinse with 20% dilution. The biodegradation efficiency of textile wastewater was confirmed on the length of the tested plants’ seed roots. The root length of the sample 3A increased by 265.79 %, while 3B increased by more than 118 %, compared to the control sample. The obtained results indicate a significant impact of microbial biodegradation, with a direct effect on the length of the root of germinated seeds.
An Investigation of Soil Void Ratio Effect on Liquid Limit Values Determined by Different Test Methods
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Komurlu, Eren
The liquid limits of different types of silts were determined under varying void ratio conditions by carrying out the cone penetrometer and the Casagrande tests. According to the results obtained from this study, the void ratio was determined to have a notable effect on the liquid limit values of soils. In terms of eliminating the void ratio effect based and operator dependent variations of results, the cone penetrometer test was assessed to be advantageous in comparison with the Casagrande test. The liquid limit values of soils were found to have various relations with the void ratio parameter depending on the soil material. Therefore, a general correlation between the liquid limit and void ratio parameters is not suggested for use. Instead, it is recommended to separately evaluate the liquid limit values for the changes in the void ratio values of different soils
Safety of UGS Operation in terms of the Importance of Primary Factors of Tightness of Structures
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Horáková, Markéta; Bujok, Petr; Klempa, Martin; Kunz, Antonín; Křístek, Matěj; Vašek, Milan
Underground gas storage (UGS) has become an essential part of gas transmission systems in all developed industrial countries. This is because transit pipelines transporting natural gas to consumers are limited by the maximum flow capacity and are not able to cover the increased seasonal or peak demand. UGS facilities then guarantee the security and reliability of gas supplies, especially in the event of a transit transmission failure. The actual safety of UGS operation is then given by the reliability of storage structures, technical and technological equipment, i.e. the so-called primary and secondary tightness. The article evaluates the primary conditions of tightness on selected UGS operated by MND Gas Storage a. s. Hodonín and MND Gas Storage Germany GmbH, Germany. These are the Uhřice, Uhřice-South (Czech Republic) and Hähnlein and Stockstadt (Germany) reservoirs
Geophysical Investigation of the Impact of Solid Waste Dump on Subsurface Soil and Groundwater in Eneka, Rivers State Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Nwankwo, Cyril N.; Ogoro, Mark
The geophysical electrical method was used to investigate how the refuse dump in Eneka (Rivers State, Nigeria) affects the subsurface soil and groundwater within its environs. The research was carried out applying Wenner and Schlumberger array configurations of electrical resistivity techniques to image the subsurface resistivity within the area using ABEM SAS 300 Terrameter. A total of ten locations were investigated and the measured data across the profiles were processed using RES2DINV and ArcGIS 10.4 computer iterative software. The resulting inverse resistivity model isolated three resistivity zones (anomalously low, intermediate and high resistivity). The anomalously low resistivity zone was interpreted as contaminant leachate plumes and landfill gases from the dump area was observed to have travelled to depths of 14 m below the surface and over 30 m distance eastwards from the dump site, showing the tendency of farm land and crops pollution. However, the aquifer layer in the area estimated at the depth of 40 m may not have been contaminated. The spatial trend of almost all the resistivity values measured at equidistance reveals low value for lines 3 and 4 (which are farther away from the dump site) at the beginning and high value at the end and vice versa for lines 1 and 2. At the rate at which the leachate has infiltrated the subsurface the aquifer within the area is likely to be contaminated in the future if adequate measures are not taken.
Leaching of Gold from Fine-grained Flotation Tailings
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Janštová, Sarah; Janáková, Iva; Čablík, Vladimír
This study focuses on leaching of gold from fine-grained waste materials from flotation. The input raw material is the waste product after flotation containing about 1–2.5 g/t of Au. This paper makes part of wider research to identify all available methods and select the most appropriate technology to obtain residual gold from fine-grained waste materials. An alternative method to conventional cyanide methods, which have negative environmental impacts [1], has been tested under laboratory conditions, namely thiourea leaching. We observed the effect of the grain size of input raw materials with concentration of thiourea and Fe3+ ions in dependence on temperature and pH during research. The pH values were maintained low during all experiments to avoid dissociation of the leaching solution. In optimal condition of leaching we achieved 85% success rate of gold recovery. The data may be useful to improve the processes of recovery of useful constituents from unused wastes with the content of gold.
Reprocessing of Regional 2D Marine Seismic Data of Part of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand Using Latest Processing Techniques
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Osinowo, Olawale Olakunle
This study employed the use of various newly developed seismic data processing techniques, which had not been available as at the time (1986) of acquisition of the regional 2D marine seismic data (TRV 434) of part of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, to reprocess the data in order to improve the volume as well as the quality of subsurface information derivable from the data which remain one of the vital sources of information for the preliminary insight for petroleum prospect evaluation of the basin. The reprocessing operations attenuated various unwanted signals associated with the seismic data, F – K transform filter filtered out low frequency noise including swell noise, while other noise types embedded in the seismic data were attenuated using Time Variant Omsby-Bandpass filters. Predictive deconvolution attenuated water bottom multiples as well as other periodic unwanted signals. True amplitude recovery technique restored lost reflection energies and made deeper reflections visible. Post and Pre-Stack Time Kirchhoff migration (PSTM) techniques appropriately repositioned dipping reflection events to their appropriate locations in time and space. Diffraction curves were collapsed to improve data resolution of both the shallow and deep reflection events. The reprocessing activities generally increased the illuminating strength of the TRV 434 marine seismic data to image the subsurface of the surveyed part of Taranaki Basin, which presented complex subsurface geology in terms of structures and rock association.
Comparison of Enterprises Extracting Building Materials in the Czech Republic
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Vaněk, Michal; Černý, Igor; Pitřík, Jakub; Kubica, Tomáš
The article deals with the comparison of mining companies extracting building materials in the Czech Republic. First, the legal form of all companies operating in the selected raw material segment is analysed. Subsequently, the actual comparison of the enterprises is carried out, which includes the most important enterprises of the different raw material groups (brick raw material, dimension stone, building stone, gravel, and sand). Selected companies are compared in the period 2011-2018 using six indicators: ROA, inventory turnover, total debt, immediate liquidity, DHM productivity, net working capital turnover time. The weighted sum method is used for self-evaluation. Indicator weights are determined using the Fuller triangle. The comparison shows that the following companies are the best in the raw material groups: (i) Heluz s.r.o. (Ltd.) (brick clays), (ii) Granit Lipnice s.r.o. (Ltd.) (dimension stone), (iii) EUROVIA Kamenolomy, a.s. (Plc.) (building stone), (iv) Českomoravský štěrk, a.s. (Plc.) (gravel and sand). When comparing the companies in the whole building material segment, EUROVIA Kamenolomy, a.s. (Plc.) is the best company, followed by Kamenolomy ČR, s. r. o. (Ltd.) and KÁMEN Zbraslav (Plc.). The analysis also found that 54.24% of mining companies in the Czech Republic use the legal form of s.r.o. (Ltd.) and 26.69% are public or private limited companies – a.s. (Plc.). It was also found that the mining company with the highest production volume was not in first place in the group based on the comparisons made.
Cutting Characteristics of a Ductile Rock
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Yasar, Serdar
A rock sample was obtained from an underground lignite mine for the investigation of the cutting characteristics of a ductile rock where the heading is achieved with a roadheader. The rock sample (metasiltstone) was classified according to a pertinent brittleness classification by means of its compressive strength to tensile strength ratio. Two types of drag picks are used for the execution of the experimental campaign on core and block samples of the metasiltstone. The cutting force, the specific energy and the breakout angle variables were investigated. The cutting force-distance histories of cutting trials were compared with the present literature. It was seen that even an extremely ductile rock sample exhibited the characteristics of brittle cutting regime.
Determination of the risk at workplace,assessment and its rank calculation, in mining activities
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Zeqiri, Kemajl; Kortnik, Joze; Mijalkovski, Stojance
Compared to the major industries, mining industry has a high risk accident potential. Over ten thousand miners are killed every year, and this is just the official figure. It is assumed that the number of the injured might exceed one hundred thousand miners, and many of them remain disable [1,2]. The history of mining is linked to the development of society itself, while the regulations on mine safety can be traced back to the Roman times. Significant mining accidents and disasters were reported since the beginning of the year 1800 [2,3]. Several pathways to mine accidents have been identified within the 200-year experience, where the agents have been: hit, inrush, outbursts, explosion, falling, sliding, lifting, poisoning, etc., in different work places, such as stope-work, transport, drift-discharge, transport, maintenance, etc. Despite having identified the causality (agent) long time ago, the number of mining accidents are still disturbing. This paper aims to assess the risk from particular agents at a workplace, trending this way to determine the risk rank through empirical formulas, through parameter “P” as an accident occurrence parameter and relevant statistics on mining accidents.
Water saturation induced changer in the indirect (Brazilian) tensile strength and the failure mode of some igneous rock materials
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Yasar, Serdar; Komurlu, Eren
The present study concentrates on water induced strength reduction and variation of the failure mode in indirect (Brazilian) tension tests of several igneous rock materials under three moisture cases of oven-dry, air-dry and fully saturated states. In this respect, two andesite and three tuff materials which contain no visible flaws were subjected to indirect tensile strength tests using the Brazilian disc method. Once the tension tests were carried out, photographs of the broken samples were taken to investigate the changes in the failure mode. As a result, it was found that tensile strengths of the samples were highly reduced with the presence of the water and the natural humidity. Additionally, it has been deduced that the failure mode of the samples mainly shifts to central fracturing with the presence of natural moisture and saturation. Although the central crack is the ideal type for the theory of Brazilian tensile strength determination, indefinite contact properties like contact angle and frictions are some notable issues to make only considering failure shapes for the validity of the test results misleading.
Utilization of flotation in copper extraction from polymetallic ore
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Vrlíková, Věra; Čablík, Vladimír; Janáková, Iva
The aim of this study was to examineflotation of utility metals from poor polymetallic ores and verify the potential for profitable yields in connection withpotentially economic deposits of non-ferrous metals.The paper describes results in flotation concentrate research to recover copper from polymetallic ore. The polymetallicore from Zlate Hory deposit (Czech Republic) was subjected to crushing, grinding, and screening to prepare feed for separation with mesh size under 200 microns. The heavy medium separation was performed in tetrabromethane with a density of 2.967 g.cm-3. The float and sink products were obtained and tested for chemical composition. Next, the treated polymetallic ore sample was subjected to flotation. In flotation,various dosages of collector (PAX) and various pH were tested, at which pyrite was depressed. The recovery of metallic copper in the concentrate increased with the collector dose. As the pH of the medium increased, the pyrite content in the concentrate dropped. The lowest contentof pyrite, i.e. 4.01%,was obtained at pH 10. In the original polymetallic ore, the Cu content was 0.41% after subsequent treatment and flotation tests, the Cu content increased to 1.38 % with Cu recovery 86.18%.
Dynamic modelling of the behaviour of the quarkiss earthen dam under seismic loads
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Seghir, Tarek; Fourar, Ali; Zeroual, Abdelatif; Massouh, Favaz
The dynamic modelling of the behaviour of the Ouarkiss earthen dam under seismic loads was performed using the finite elements method (FEM), with an approach in effective stresses. The soil behaviour is described by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A numerical method and a procedure of analysis are presented in this work. The seismic response of an earthen dam was evaluated. Particular emphasis is placed on the calculation of stresses, displacements, deformations and interstitial overpressures recorded during the seismic solicitation. It has been shown that numerical simulation is able to highlight the fundamental aspects of the displacements and deformations processes experienced by the structure ofdam and to produce preliminary results for the evaluation of the seismic behaviour of the structure taking into account the physical non-linearity of the materials constituting the body of the dam and the effect of the rigidity of the different zones of the dam and the foundation.
The properties of recycled rubber from waste tires in the production of cement composites
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Svoboda, Jakub; Václavík, Vojtěch; Dvorský, Tomáš; Máčalová, Kateřina; Charvát, Jakub; Gola, Lukáš
This article presents the results of a study dealing with the use of a combination of recycled rubber from waste tires as a 100% substitute in the production of cement composites. Aggregate was replaced with recycled rubber in two ratios, namely the ratio of 50/50 and the ratio of 40/60 of the share of fraction 0/1 mm and fraction 1/3 mm. The designed formulas of cement compositeswere subjected to the tests of their physical and mechanical properties in order to determine the properties of the used recycled rubber combination. The tests included the consistency of the grain curve, mixing water properties, consistency of cement mortar, and strength characteristics (tensile flexural strength and compressive strength). The study presents results that are fundamentally different from the comparative samples and their use in the building industry; however, at the same time, they open upnew possibilities of their utilization as a building material.
Integration of magnetic residuals,derivates and located euler deconvolution for structural and geologic mapping of parts of the precambrian gneisses of Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská-Technická Univerzita Ostrava, 2020) Ariyo, Stephen Oluwafemi; Coker, Joseph O.; Alaka, Afolabi O.; Adenuga, Omolara A.; Bayewu, Olateju O.
Ground based magnetic survey conducted between longitude 06O 55I 51IIN –06O 55I 54IIN and latitude 03O 52I 06IIE –03O 52I 4.8IIE (Olabisi Onabanjo University) remarkably revealed a consistent subsurface NW -SE structural azimuth of localized discontinuities within the shallowly buried heterogeneous basement rocks, which at exposed locations are composed of strongly foliated granite gneiss and migmatite-gneiss with veins and veinlets principally orientated in NNW –SSE direction.Magnetic survey of the area was preceded by site inspection to avoid metallic objects interferences. Field procedure in the area involved Cartesian gridding, base station establishment, data acquisition at gridded points, and repeated bihourly diurnal checksat the base station. At the processing stage, diurnal variation effect was aptly removed before subjection to Kriging (gridding). The gridded data was then prepared as input for Forward Fourier Filter Transform (FFT), which upon definition and implementation enabled Butterworth filtering of isolated ringing effects, reduction to the equator (RTE) for geomagnetic correction, and the use of Gaussian and Upward Continuation filtering for regional magnetic intensity trend determination. Removal of the regional magnetic intensity (RMI) from the total magnetic intensity (TMI) resulted in the derivation of the residual anomaly. Enhancement filters adopted for better resolution of the residual magnetic gradient include analytical signal (AS), tilt-angle derivative (TDR), vertical derivative deconvolution (VDD), and the first vertical derivatives (FVD).TMI and RMI values range between 32925nT –33050nT and 32935nT –333050nT respectively, while the residual gradient ranges between 15nT/m and10nT/m; AS ranges between 0.28nT/m and4.1nT/m; and TDR ranges from-1.4nT/m to 1.4nT/m. Source depth calculation estimated from power spectrum analysis and Euler deconvolution ranges between 1m and15m. Composite overlay of magnetic maps revealed jointed and faulted zones within the area; exhibiting a NW-SE principal azimuth of Liberian orogenic impress, which are in consistence with the foliation direction of the jagged foliated bedrock with an estimated maximum overburden of about 15m.The structural significance of this area as a prospective hydro-geological centre, and as an undesirable spot for high-rise building has been accurately evaluated from research findings. Application of integrated geophysical approach, complemented by detailed geological studies may furnish greater information about the subsurface structural architecture.Keywords:Gneisses; Ground Magnetic Surveying;RTE;Structural discontinuities;TDR.1INTRODUCTIONStructuralmapping is an integral part of geologic surveys. It involves measurements, analyses, interpretation and recognition of geometrical features (structures) generated by rock deformations [1]. These structures often serve as fountains of environmental challenges or unparalleled opportunities depending on their modesof occurrences, which in most cases are imminently controlled by the dynamic interplay of differential stress distributions within the earth interior. In line with the principle of uniformitarianism, a broad understanding about Earth’s paleo processes and internal workingsare deductible from the various deformation types for diverse applications. Deductible inferences from brittle deformationsinclude the kinematics of crustal blocks, orientation of principal axes of regional and local stresses, and geometry. Deeper insights indeep seated stresses, regional movements and block motions are obtainable from ductile deformations.

Browse

Recent Submissions