Publikační činnost Katedry konstruování / Publications of the Department of Machine and Industrial Design (340)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/95699

Kolekce obsahuje bibliografické záznamy publikační činnosti (článků) akademických pracovníků Katedry konstruování (340) v časopisech registrovaných ve Web of Science od roku 2003 po současnost.
Do kolekce jsou zařazeny:
a) publikace, u nichž je v originálních dokumentech jako působiště autora (adresa) uvedena Vysoká škola báňská-Technická univerzita Ostrava (VŠB-TUO),
b) publikace, u nichž v originálních dokumentech není v adrese VŠB-TUO uvedena, ale autoři prokazatelně v době jejich zpracování a uveřejnění působili na VŠB-TUO.

Bibliografické záznamy byly původně vytvořeny v kolekci Publikační činnost akademických pracovníků VŠB-TUO, která sleduje publikování akademických pracovníků od roku 1990.

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Now showing 1 - 20 out of 61 results

A laboratory machine verifying the operation of a hydraulic rope equalizer with tensometric sensors
(MDPI, 2024) Hrabovský, Leopold; Fries, Jiří; Pravda, Štěpán
In mining machines with friction discs, but also in multi-rope traction elevators, it is necessary to distribute the applied tensile load, generated by the weight of the cage and counterweight, evenly in all cross-sections of the load-bearing ropes. Hydraulic devices used for this purpose can operate on the principle of Pascal’s law. This article presents a structural design, a 3D model and an implemented solution of a laboratory device capable of simulating a practical method of evenly distributing the total weight of the load into partial tensile forces of the same size acting on a selected number of load-bearing ropes. The laboratory equipment uses two pairs of three steel cables of finite length for the simulations. During the experimental measurements, tensile forces derived from the tractive force of the piston rods, pushed into the bodies of the hydraulic cylinders by the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied through the pipeline under the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders, were detected. The resulting amount of hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic circuit influenced by different values of the hydraulic oil pressures in the hydraulic cylinders and by the pressure in the supply pipe was experimentally studied on the laboratory equipment. Simulations were also carried out in order to detect the hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic circuit caused by the change in the different magnitudes of the tensile forces in the ropes. From the experiments carried out, it follows that with the appropriate choice of hydraulic elements and the design of the hydraulic circuit, the weight of the load, acting as the total pulling force in the ropes, can be evenly distributed (with a deviation of up to 5%) to all cross-sections of the load-bearing ropes. If the exact values of the hydraulic oil volumes under the pistons of all hydraulic cylinders are not known, it is not possible to calculate the pressure values in the hydraulic circuit when the valves of the hydraulic pipes are gradually opened.
Measuring device detecting impact forces on impact rollers
(MDPI, 2024) Hrabovský, Leopold; Kurač, Daniel; Pravda, Štěpán; Nováková, Eliška; Machálek, Tomáš
This paper presents laboratory devices on which measurements were carried out to prove the validity of the assumption about the reduction in vibrations transmitted to the conveyor belt structure generated by the impact forces of falling material grains in the places of transfer or on the hoppers of conveyor belts. In order to limit damage to the conveyor belts caused by the impact of the sharp edges of material grains, conveyor belts are supported by impact rollers or impact rubber rods. A special modification of the fixed conveyor idler is presented, which consists of inserting plastic brackets into the structurally modified roller axle holders of the fixed conveyor idler. Measurements showed that the specially modified fixed conveyor idler resulted in a higher damping of up to 15% of the impact forces of the falling weight on the rubberized hoop of the impact roller shell compared to the conventional fixed conveyor idler design. Measurements carried out show that the effective vibration velocity values detected at the points where the impact roller axis fits into the fixed roller table holder are higher than when using plastic brackets, up to 6% for a 108-mm-diameter roller, compared to steel impact roller brackets.
Comparison of MRR of different WEDM-machined materials
(Springer Nature, 2024) Mouralová, Kateřina; Beneš, Libor; Fries, Jiří
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an unconventional machining technology which is widely used in all industries. Due to the increased energy demand of WEDM, there is an effort to reduce machining times and thus maximise the material removal rate (MRR). Thus, this study aimed to perform the design of experiment to study the effect of WEDM machining parameters on the resulting MRR, topography, morphology, and subsurface condition of the produced samples. The materials investigated included titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V, aluminium alloy 7475-T7351, nickel alloy Nimonic C 263, wear-resistant Hadfield steel, copper alloy Ampcoloy 35, pure molybdenum 99.99, and high-entropy alloy FeCoCrMnNi. The highest MRR values were achieved for 7475-T7351. Nimonic, Hadfield steel, Ampcoloy, and molybdenum materials reached similar MRR values and the lowest MRR values were studied for Ti-6Al-4 V and FeCoCrMnNi materials. Cracks were visible on all samples of Ti-6Al-4 V, molybdenum and aluminium alloy 7475-T7351, while burnt cavities were found in Hadfield steel.
Analysis of spherical chips after grinding
(Elsevier, 2024) Mouralová, Kateřina; Zahradníček, Radim; Beneš, Libor; Fries, Jiří
Grinding is a conventional technological operation necessary for the manufacturing of mechanical parts of precise shapes and sizes with high demands on surface roughness. The machining is done with a tool with an undefined cutting-edge geometry composed of individual hard grains which are connected by a binder. Small cross-section chips form during machining with the grains. These chips undergo great plastic deformations and suffer a heating of such magnitude due to the inner and outer friction that it causes melting and a subsequent forming of a metal ball. The goal of this study is to analyse these balls - chips after grinding, formed during the machining of D2 tool steel with an Al2O3 grinding wheel. 4 types of balls were found and examined. A focused ion beam was employed to sputter a part which allowed the study of their inner area. An analysis of the chemical content was carried out both on the outside and the inside of the ball. The carried-out analysis led to the discovery of two new types of balls that form after grinding.
Influence of incubation period on membrane patch color for insoluble contaminant measurement in degraded hydraulic oils
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2024) Pravda, Štěpán; Šeděnka, David; Blata, Jan; Hrabovský, Leopold
Insoluble contaminants and varnish, resulting from oil degradation byproducts and sometimes depleted additive molecules, are initiated primarily due to thermal stress on the oil. This poses significant challenges in tribology, particularly for the lubrication systems of modern complex machinery, leading to severe debilitating effects such as loss of operating clearances and impaired heat transfer. Addressing varnish buildup is crucial, and timely oil analysis emerges as a valuable tool, offering essential insights into the oil degradation level and the potential presence of insoluble contaminants. Among the various laboratory testing methods available to assess varnish potential, colorimetric analysis, specifically Membrane Patch Colorimetry (MPC), is widely applied owing to its efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study extends the application of MPC test principles, commonly utilized for turbine oils, to measure insoluble contaminants generated by degraded hydraulic fluids. Adhering to the ASTM D7843-21 standard, which stipulates the precision of this testing method for turbine oils is contingent upon the sample's incubation period, our investigation focuses on exploring modifications to the standard 72-hour incubation period. We aim to assess the viability of shortening or extending this duration for conducting MPC tests on used hydraulic fluids, thereby potentially enhancing the precision and relevance of MPC tests in hydraulic fluid analysis.
The reduction of rotating conveyor roller vibrations via the use of plastic brackets
(MDPI, 2023) Hrabovský, Leopold; Nováková, Eliška; Pravda, Štěpán; Kurač, Daniel; Machálek, Tomáš
This paper presents the basic structural parts, a 3D model, and the overall design of a laboratory machine, which was created to detect vibrations generated by the casing of a conveyor roller rotating at different speeds. The intention of the authors was to verify whether plastic brackets inserted into the structurally modified trestles of a fixed conveyor idler can reduce the vibration values transmitted from the rotating conveyor roller to the trestle of a fixed idler. Experimental vibration measurements taken on the non-rotating parts of conveyor rollers, performed on a laboratory machine according to ISO 10816, are suitable for characterizing their operating conditions with regard to trouble-free operation. The aim of this paper is to detect the vibrations of a rotating conveyor roller on a laboratory machine in the defined places of a fixed conveyor idler and also on the steel frame of a laboratory machine that represents the supporting track of a belt conveyor. Vibrations detected by piezoelectric acceleration sensors were recorded by a measuring apparatus and displayed in the environment of Dewesoft X software (version 10). The measurements show that the vibration values grow with the increasing speed of the conveyor roller rotation. Experimental measurements have proven the correctness of the assumption that the vibrations transmitted to the trestle of a fixed conveyor idler are lower by up to 40% when using plastic brackets into which the axle of the conveyor roller is attached, compared to the solution where the axle of the conveyor roller is inserted into the notches of a steel trestle.
Detection of a rotating conveyor roller casing vibrations on a laboratory machine
(MDPI, 2023) Hrabovský, Leopold; Pravda, Štěpán; Šebesta, Radim; Nováková, Eliška; Kurač, Daniel
The article describes the basic parts and the overall design of the laboratory machine, which can be used to measure vibrations generated by a rotating conveyor roller attached to the flattened parts of its axis in the cut-outs of the conveyor idler support. On the structurally modified support of the conveyor idler consisting of the insertion of a plastic element placed between the roller axis and the support cut-out, the vibration acceleration values of the rotating roller from symmetric analysis were measured and compared with the values from asymmetric analysis of the traditional roller axis placement in the steel support. The size of the peripheral speed of the roller was determined, during the experimental measurements, by controlling the speed of the electric motor using a frequency converter. The obtained results of the measured values of vibration velocities in three mutually perpendicular planes showed a reduction in vibration values of about 15% when using plastic holders. The paper aims to present one of the possible technical solutions that can limit the vibration values transmitted to the supporting structure of the conveyor belt, generated by the rotating casing of the conveyor roller.
Experimental measurement of a pulling force and determination of a friction coefficient during driven transport rollers’ movement
(Elsevier, 2023) Hrabovský, Leopold; Mlčák, Tomáš; Molnár, Vieroslav; Fedorko, Gabriel; Michalik, Peter
The paper presents an experimental measurement of a pulling force and determination of a friction coefficient during driven transport rollers’ movement in a continuous transport system. To implement an experimental measurement, a laboratory machine was designed, enabling an experimental detection of a friction coefficient during movement in the contact surface of the transported load and the roller casings. The values of friction coefficient were determined for three material types: wood, plastic and rubber against the acrylic paint sprayed on a steel roller’s casing. Experimental pulling force measurement with a tensometric load sensor was realized for three different angles of the roller conveyor’s inclination. The results made it possible to determine a mean value of friction coefficient during movement between the contact surfaces of the three materials and the coating of driven rollers casings. The results can be implemented to digitize and monitor operation of electric motor machines.
Quantification and analysis of residual stresses in braking pedal produced via laser-powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technology
(MDPI, 2023) Fojtík, František; Potrok, Roman; Hajnyš, Jiří; Ma, Quoc-Phu; Kudrna, Lukáš; Měsíček, Jakub
This study focuses on the experimental verification of residual stress (RS) in a 3D-printed braking pedal using the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method with SS316L material. The RS was measured at two representative locations using the hole drilling method (HDM) and the dividing method, which are semi-destructive and destructive methods of RS measurement, respectively. The finite element method (FEM) was used with Ansys Workbench 2020R2 and Simufact Additive 2021 software to determine the magnitude of RS. The results provide insights into how RS is incorporated into metal 3D-printed components and the available tools for predicting RS. This information is essential for experts to improve the accuracy and functionality of SLM parts when post-subtractive or additive manufacturing processes are used. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the effects of RS on 3D-printed metal components, which can inform future research and development in this area.
Experimental and stochastic application of an elastic foundation in loose material transport via a sandwich belt conveyor - Part 2
(MDPI, 2023) Čepica, Daniel; Frydrýšek, Karel; Hrabovský, Leopold; Nikodým, Marek
This article serves as a continuation of our previously published work and focuses on loose material transport via sandwich belt conveyors. Experimental, analytical, stochastic, and numerical approaches are used to obtain and utilize the moduli of a bilateral Winkler elastic foundation that represent a loose material, which is wheat (Triticum aestivum) that is free of bran in this case. The solutions were obtained for a uniformly and nonuniformly distributed loose material. The task of the conveyor with loose material is simplified into a symmetric task, i.e., a beam on an elastic bilateral Winkler foundation, for an analytical solution and stochastic solution (Anthill and Matlab sw). In a numerical approach, this is considered a plane strain problem within the finite element method (Ansys and MSC.Marc sw). The experimental data are evaluated and used to obtain the functions of Winkler elastic foundation moduli, which are further considered in the numerical solution. The finite element method mainly serves as a verification tool. The acquired histograms of the elastic foundation moduli can be further applied in various scientific and research fields.
Realization of a test tool for diagnosis of contact resistance and measurement of selected types of conductive materials
(MDPI, 2023) Kačor, Petr; Bernat, Petr; Mlčák, Tomáš; Hrabovský, Leopold
Contact connections in electrical machines and apparatus are important elements in the whole power supply network and a high level of reliability is expected there. Contact resistance is a fundamental criterion in the design of an electrical contact or contact system. The contact resistance should be as low as possible to minimize losses due to the current passage and the related heating of the contact connection. The value of the contact resistance depends on the material used, the value of the applied force, the type of contact, and, last but not least, the quality of the surface and chemical layers. In this paper, an initial diagnosis of the contact material is performed based on the determination of the sample’s specific resistivity by the four-wire method and the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty. The work is followed by the design of a testing device that uses crossed bars to measure the change in contact resistance as a function of the magnitude of the applied force. An analysis of the sample mounting method is performed here using FEM simulations of the current field and shows the interaction between the holder and the sample in terms of current line transfer. The proposed system is then used for experimental measurements of the material-dependent coefficient KC for verification of existing or newly developed materials in electrical engineering, where the values of the KC coefficient are not known. Finally, the paper also deals with the measurement of fritting voltage for individual contact pairs having surface quality corresponding to brushing.
Machining of 1.2363 and 1.2343ESR steels using EDM
(Springer Nature, 2023) Mouralová, Kateřina; Bednář, Josef; Beneš, Libor; Polzer, Aleš; Zahradníček, Radim; Fries, Jiří; Prokeš, Tomáš
Electrical discharge machining is an unconventional machining technology. It is commonly used in tool rooms to remove the material of the workpiece, which in turn gains a negative shape of the electrode—the tool. In order to monitor and model the responses in the form of eroding rate and surface quality, a two-level half-factor experiment was performed with one replication at the corner points and two replications at the central points, for a total of 80 rounds. Both graphite and copper electrodes of sizes 10 × 10 mm and 100 × 100 mm were used for eroding, and the influence of parameter settings: open voltage, pulse current, pulse on-time and pulse off-time was monitored. It was found that the shape of the electrode and pulse current has the most significant effect on the erosion rate. The parameters pulse current, pulse on-time and their mutual interaction significantly affect the surface roughness. Statistically significant factors influencing the occurrence of defects turned out to be pulse current, pulse on-time and material of workpiece, where it can be seen that the material 1.2343ESR is significantly less prone to the formation of surface defects.
Laboratory machine verification of force transmission provided by friction acting on the drive drum of a conveyor belt
(MDPI, 2023) Hrabovský, Leopold; Nenička, Petr; Fries, Jiří
The paper presents the measured values of tensile forces acting on transmission idlers in the upper and lower run of a conveyor belt placed on a laboratory machine designed at the Department of Machine and Industrial Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava. The tensile forces detected by two strain gauge load cells and recorded using DEWESoft software were used to calculate the friction coefficient, which acts on the surface of the driving drum casing and the conveyor belt. The friction coefficient at the slip point, or during the slippage of the conveyor belt on the rubber or steel casing of the driving drum, was determined for two states of the surfaces that are in contact. Experimental measurements on a laboratory machine determined four values of friction coefficients for two types of drum surfaces and for two states of contact surfaces, which were compared with the recommended standard values. The measured values reached higher values in comparison with the values given by the CSN standards. The highest deviation of 273.3% is achieved using a steel wet surface, and the lowest deviation of 106.3% is achieved when using a rubber dry lining for the driving drum casing. On the presented laboratory machine, it is possible to measure tensile forces for different speeds of movement, different belt angles on the driving drum, various types of belt surfaces, different types of drum casing linings, and different sizes of tension forces for the endless loop of the conveyor belt. For these characteristics of the conveyor belt, the magnitude of the friction coefficient acting between the belt and the drum surfaces can be determined.
A laboratory device designed to detect and measure the resistance force of a diagonal conveyor belt plough
(MDPI, 2023) Hrabovský, Leopold; Gaszek, Jakub; Kovář, Ladislav; Fries, Jiří
This paper presents a laboratory device simulating a section of a conveyor belt on which a diagonal plough is installed. Experimental measurements were carried out in a laboratory belonging to the Department of Machine and Industrial Design at the VSB-Technical University of Ostrava. During the measurements, a plastic storage box, representing a piece load, transported on the surface of a conveyor belt at a constant speed was brought into contact with the front surface of a diagonal conveyor belt plough. The aim of this paper is to determine the amount of resistance generated by the diagonal conveyor belt plough when it is placed at different angles of inclination β [deg] in relation to the longitudinal axis, based on the experimental measurements performed using a laboratory measuring device. Based on the measured values of tensile force required to keep the conveyor belt moving at a constant speed, the resistance to the conveyor belt movement is expressed, with a value of 20.8 ± 0.3 N being attained. Based on the ratio of the measured value of the arithmetic average of the resistance force and the weight of the used length of the conveyor belt, a mean value of the specific movement resistance of the size 0.33 [N·N − 1] is calculated. This paper presents the time records obtained by measuring the tensile forces, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the magnitude of the force. The resistance during the ploughing operation of the diagonal plough when acting on a piece load placed on the working surface of the conveyor belt is presented. From the measured values of tensile forces presented in the tables, this paper reports the calculated values of the friction coefficient obtained during the movement of the diagonal plough when moving a piece of load with the defined weight from the working surface of the relevant conveyor belt. The maximum value of the arithmetic mean for the friction coefficient in motion µ = 0.86 was measured at an inclination angle of the diagonal plough of β = 30 deg.
Experimental and stochastic application of an elastic foundation in loose material transport via sandwich belt conveyors
(MDPI, 2023) Frydrýšek, Karel; Čepica, Daniel; Hrabovský, Leopold; Nikodým, Marek
This article deals with the problem of loose materials, i.e., wheat grain, when transported by belt conveyors with cover belts. For the purpose of further research, experimental measurements of the deflections of a conveyor belt with loose material were carried out on a self-built laboratory test device. The mechanical contact between the wheat and the belt could be suitably approximated using an elastic foundation. The measured data were evaluated and used to obtain functional relationships for the compressibility moduli of the bilateral Winkler elastic foundation. The obtained relationships were further stochastically processed using the Monte Carlo method.
Detection of blockages of the belt conveyor transfer point using an RGB camera and CNN autoencoder
(MDPI, 2023) Bortnowski, Piotr; Gondek, Horst; Król, Robert; Marasová, Daniela; Ozdoba, Maksymilian
In the material transfer area, the belt is exposed to considerable damage, the energy of falling material is lost, and there is significant dust and noise. One of the most common causes of failure is transfer chute blockage, when the flow of material in the free fall or loading zone is disturbed by oversized rock parts or other objects, e.g., rock bolts. The failure of a single transfer point may cause the entire transport route to be excluded from work and associated with costly breakdowns. For this reason, those places require continuous monitoring and special surveillance measures. The number of methods for monitoring this type of blockage is limited. The article presents the research results on the possibility of visual monitoring of the transfer operating status on an object in an underground copper ore mine. A standard industrial RGB camera was used to obtain the video material from the transfer point area, and the recorded frames were processed by a detection algorithm based on a neural network. The CNN autoencoder was taught to reconstruct the image of regular transfer operating conditions. A data set with the recorded transfer blockage state was used for validation.
Vibration analysis of a V-belt drive in variable conditions of pulleys misalignment
(MM Science, 2023) Pravda, Štěpán; Kostecký, Vít; Šebesta, Radim; Kurač, Daniel; Lilko, Jan; Barath, Martin; Kotus, Martin
This paper deals with vibration analysis of a V-Belt drive based on altering conditions of pulleys misalignment. The main question this paper tries to answer is whether there is a direct and measurable relation between the pulley misalignment conditions and vibration of the machine. Using the ADASH vibration analyser with accelerometer sensors and laser speed sensor attached, we gathered data from our test stand purposely build for this task. Designing of the test stand is described as well as some basics of vibration measurement and belt drive operation. Next a testing methodology is described where several conditions of parallel and angular misalignment as well as different belt tension conditions were simulated using adjustability of our testing stand. Then in data analysis part we look at relations between multiple measurements of different pulley misalignment conditions viewed in time domain vibration analysis. [VSB-TUO].
Analysis of the machinability of different types of sintered carbides with WEDM in both water and oil baths
(Springer Nature, 2023) Mouralová, Kateřina; Beneš, Libor; Prokeš, Tomáš; Zahradníček, Radim; Fries, Jiří; Plichta, Tomáš
The unconventional wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) technology represents a vital manufacturing technology in different industrial branches. This technology is essential because of the possibility to machine difficult-to-machine materials such as sintered carbides. For this reason, this study analyses the machinability of sintered carbides WKP23S, WSM33S and WK1 with WEDM in both water and oil baths. We investigated the influence of the machining parameters, namely, pulse off time, gap voltage, discharge current, pulse on time and wire feed, on the cutting speed, surface roughness and defect occurrence. We investigated 9 different roughness parameters, analysed surface morphology with an electron microscope and also analysed cross-sectioned samples. We found out that machining sintered carbides in oil bath yields better results than machining in deionized water. The oil tank prevents the removal of the cobalt binder, but it does not reduce fissure occurrence in any significant way. The lowest Ra value, that is 0.7 mu m, was recorded for the WKP23S sample when machined in oil and Ra 0.9 mu m when the same material was machined in water.
The corrosion behavior of WEDM machined stainless steels in a pyrolysis environment
(MDPI, 2023) Beneš, Libor; Mouralová, Kateřina; Midula, Pavol; Snow, Jan; Lysoňková, Irena; Pilnaj, Dominik; Burdová, Hana; Prokeš, Tomáš; Zahradníček, Radim; Fries, Jiří; Kuráň, Pavel; Kuběnka, Martin
Pyrolysis represents one of the most convenient technologies for the chemical transformation of waste. The exposure to corrosion products and high temperatures does, however, require chemically resistant construction materials. This study was carried out to analyze the corrosion behavior of 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti) and 1.4305 (AISI 303) stainless steels machined with wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) in a pyrolysis environment. Different machining parameters were used for both materials tested to examine the influence of WEDM machining. The total testing time in the pyrolysis environment was 28 days, with the testing chamber being refilled 12 times. The surface topography was analyzed following the WEDM, cleaning, and corrosion test. The surface morphology and cross-section analyses were carried out using electron microscopy at all three stages of the process. An analysis of the chemical composition of the surfaces was carried out as well as of the pyrolysis environment to which the samples were exposed. It was established that the organic acids found in the pyrolysis chamber did not degrade the tested stainless steels to a meaningful degree. Minor fissures, that is, fine precipitated carbides, were observed on the surface of both the steel types and in their subsurface layer, as well as a significant presence of carbon. This presence was directly connected to the impurities found on the surface after the removal from the test furnace that were probably of a protective or passivation nature.
Mathematical models for machining optimization of Ampcoloy 35 with different thicknesses using WEDM to improve the surface properties of mold parts
(MDPI, 2023) Mouralová, Kateřina; Bednář, Josef; Beneš, Libor; Prokeš, Tomáš; Zahradníček, Radim; Fries, Jiří
Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an unconventional machining technology that can be used to machine materials with minimum electrical conductivity. The technology is often employed in the automotive industry, as it makes it possible to produce mold parts of complex shapes. Copper alloys are commonly used as electrodes for their high thermal conductivity. The subject of this study was creating mathematical models for the machining optimization of Ampcoloy 35 with different thicknesses (ranging from 5 to 160 mm with a step of 5 mm) using WEDM to improve the surface properties of the mold parts. The Box–Behnken type experiment was used with a total of 448 samples produced. The following machining parameters were altered over the course of the experiment: the pulse on and off time, discharge current, and material thickness. The cutting speed was measured, and the topography of the machined surfaces in the center and at the margins of the samples was analyzed. The morphology and subsurface layer were also studied. What makes this study unique is the large number of the tested thicknesses, ranging from 5 to 160 mm with a step of 5 mm. The contribution of this study to the automotive industry and plastic injection mold production is, therefore, significant. The regression models for the cutting speed and surface topography allow for efficient defect-free machining of Ampcoloy 35 of 5–160 mm thicknesses, both on the surface and in the subsurface layer.

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