GeoScience Engineering. 2023, vol. 69

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/151419

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Now showing 1 - 18 out of 18 results

The Use of the HEC-HMS Model to Improve Regionalized Hydrological Modeling and Its Application to the Cheliff Basin, Algeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Makhloufi, Noureddine; Elmeddahi, Yamina; Baba, Alper; Gündüz, Orhan
Hydrological modeling is an effective tool for predicting the hydrological response of watersheds in order to develop appropriate water resource management strategies. Various modeling techniques are available to simulate rainfall-runoff processes in ungauged basins, including regionalization of hydrologic model parameters. Regionalization by spatial proximity (SP) and physical similarity (PS) were chosen for this study to be used with Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), which is semi-distributed hydrological model, to evaluate the performance of the model in simulating sub-basin flows as well as the applicability of averaging methods in the case of ungauged sub-basins.Eight sub-basins belonging to the large Cheliff watershed were selected using available data from the period 2007 to 2012. In order to perform a controlled regionalization, one of the eight sub-basins (Wadi Tikzal) was assumed to be ungauged, and five sub-basins were selected to be donors by the (SP) regionalization method and five others by the (PS) regionalization. The results were compared to the original gauged sub-basin series. The performance analysis was carried out through the Nash-Sutclife Efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The results of the simulation are generally satisfactory for wadi Tikzal sub-basin. The model adequately simulated the flows in the other sub-basins, during both calibration and validation phases. The results obtained showed that the regionalization methods used in this study, with the arithmetic mean and the inverse distance weighting (IDW), yielded good results with NSE and R2values exceeding 0.75 and RMSE values were close to 0.20. The arithmetic mean gave higher results compared to the IDW method, the mean of NSE between the two methods is 0.68 for the arithmetic mean and 0.65 for IDW, and R2of 0.69 for the arithmetic mean and 0.65 for IDW. The obtained results demonstrate that the regionalization by spatial proximity and physical similarity, using the HEC-HMS hydrological model can be effectively used to predict streamflow in ungauged watersheds, leading to effective water resources management, which enriches the literature regarding the flowsregionalization, averaging methodsand HEC-HMS performance,in ungauged sub-basins and especially in the northern Algerian region.
Determination of Rock Parameters Used for Calibration of Constitutive Model
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Brabec, Marek; Sluková, Michaela; Krmíček, Lukáš
Mathematical modelingis an important part of designing underground and other structures.However, the accuracy of the obtained results is strongly dependent on the input parameters quality of the selected material (constitutive) model. An insight into this issueis outlined in this article.Special emphasis was placed on various possibilities of laboratory determination of the necessary parameters for calibration of the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown constitutive models. Described procedure was also applied to a selected rock type –Čeřínek-type granite of the Moldanubian pluton, a candidate rock in which a deep geological repository for used nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive nuclear waste might be built in a future.
Trend Assessment by the Mann-Kendall Test and the Innovative Trend Analysis Method (North-West Algeria)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Oufrigh, Oumeria; Elouissi, Abdelkader; Benzater, Benali
In this article, a trend study, in two watersheds Coastal-Oran and Macta (North-West of Algeria), is carried out using monthly and seasonal rainfall during the period 1975–2015 at 38 stations. Mann-Kendall (MK) and Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) methods are applied comparatively. The aim of this study is to verify if the trend detection ability is the same in both methods. Monthly rainfall analysis by the MK test shows that 82% of the stations have no significant trends. In contrast, the ITA method detects positive (negative) trends in 56% (33%) of stations in the low rainfall component, 53% (40%) in the average and 41% (58%) in the high rainfall. On a seasonal scale, the MK test still not aware of trends in 75% of the studied stations, while the ITA shows that 63% (31%) of stations with increasing (decreasing) trends. Studying the rainfall trend, using the ITA and Mann-Kendall methods, in the same area can help to understand past variations and therefore extrapolate the results to other areas with the same climate. This is a crucial step in managing climate-related issues. In addition, the ITA detects hidden sub-trends in the low, medium and high components that the MK test does not, which shows the superiority of the ITA method over MK method.
Effect of Changing Jaw Crusher Parameters on Granulometry and Static Angle of Repose of Crushed Aggregate
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Žídek, Martin; Nykles, František; Sýkorová, Veronika; Vaněk, Filip
Crushing is one of the important technological operations in the reduction of oversized pieces of utility material. Itis of great importance in mineral processing, where the excavated material is processed into a final product or for the purpose of further treatment. There are several different types of industrial crushers. In practice, it is usually not possible to process the raw material into the desired product using only one machine; it is usually necessary to use several crushers, often in combination of two or more construction types. When the material is crushed, its grain composition and flow properties change. The change in these properties affects the way the material is handled, in particular its transport and storage. A systematic approach to the influence of crusher parameter settings on the flowability and granulometry of the resulting product has not yet been published. In this study, the effect of laboratory jaw crusher parameter settings on the granulometry and static angleof reposeof different types of crushed aggregates was investigated. It was observed that changing the setting of the crusher gapwidth changes the ratio of dust and coarser particles of the crushed material, and this ratio has a significant effect on the changes in the static angle ofrepose ofthis material.
Sediment Transport Modeling at the Oued Fodda Watershed Level Using HEC-RAS 1D Software
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Benkaci, Souhila; Remini, Boualem
The objective of the current work is to determine the amount of sediments transported upstream and at the level of Oued Fodda dam. The latter is considered one of the first large dams built in Algeria. It’s exposed to a serious siltation problem that reduces its capacity every year. The simulation was executed using the HEC-RAS software, for the period varied from January 01, 2016 to April 30, 2016. The modeledsection consisted of about 9999 m length, subdivided into 141 river stations distant from each other by 70 m. The observation of the studied river section bed-profile was selected as a criterion for comparing the results of the model with the real values observed. A roughness coefficient of 0.031 was used. A quantitative estimate with a determination coefficient, R2, of 0.92 was used to support the validity. The mass and concentration of sediments increased significantly in the cross-sections located at the dam upstream.A total cumulative mass was estimated at approximately 712699 tons, just upstream of the dyke, and a maximum concentration of 22.35 g/l was observed, particularly for three main sections selected upstream of the Fodda wadi. However, at the reservoir level, the concentration variability is observed during flood periods, i.e., only for the most important flows
The Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in the Nyabarongo River Sediments – Case Study: Mageragere Sector
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Nsengiyumva, Cedrick; Mugerwa, Theophile; Gashabuka, Anastase; Bikorimana, Enock; Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo, Digne Edmond
The accumulation of heavy metals in rivers’ sediments near industrial wastes and mining activities has been a serious issue in developing countries including Rwanda and it has caused different environmental impacts on aquatic and terrestrial lives. Environmental studies have reported heavy metals pollution (lead, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, iron,and cadmium) in major Rwandese rivers such as Mpazi, Rusine, and Nyabugogo. The increasein heavy metal concentrations in the environment results in abnormal enrichment,which in turn, affects the surrounding environment. This study aimed to investigatethe heavy metals in Nyabarongo sediments, Mageragere sector using both X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) instruments. Sediments samples were collected systematically on four sampling stations and the results showed that the Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and Manganese (Mn)concentrationsamong the investigated heavy metals areabove the Rwanda Standard Board (RSB) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelinesfor soils and sediments, meaning that those metals arethe measure pollutantsin the sediments of Nyabarongo River and the study has recommendedthe people around the river to reinforce the erosion control measuresand not to use Nyabarongo water for domestic use and animal farming activities because of the concentration of heavy metals it contains that are toxic to animals, plants and micro-organisms
Analysis of the Suitability of the Use of Hydrocarbon Deposits for CO2 and Hydrogen Storage in the Northern Moravia Region
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Žilová, Patricie; Bujok, Petr; Lacman, Adam; Kunz, Antonín; Klempa, Martin; Křístek, Matěj; Vašek, Milan
Geological storage of CO2 is the final link in the technological chain CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage), one of the possible technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions arising from the burning of fossil fuels. CCS is one of the key energy technologies of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan of the European Union (SET-plan). In the Czech Republic, activities in the field of CCS have focused on research and development projects, including the mapping of geological structures suitable for potential CO2 storage and the transposition of relevant European legislation – see Act No. 85/2012 Coll., on the Storage of Carbon Dioxide into Natural Rock Structures. One of the options for geological storage of CO2 is the use of mined or mined hydrocarbon deposits. However, these structures could also be operated as underground CO2 reservoirs, enabling its reuse. Yet some of them could also be used for hydrogen storage if these locations are appropriately incorporated into the construction of a new hydrogen infrastructure. The report presents part of the research results related to hydrocarbon deposits in the North Moravia region.
Carbon Detection Using an HPGe Detector
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Alexa, Petr
Fast neutron activation analysis has been applied to bulk carbon detection. DT-neutron generator emitting 14.1 MeV neutrons was used as a neutron source. Prompt 4.44 MeV gammas from the inelastic neutron scattering on carbon were detected using a 30% HPGe semiconductor gamma spectrometer shielded from the primary neutron beam. The sensitivity of the experimental setup is discussed
Current Methods of Handling Aggregate from Railway Superstructure and Its Definition as Waste or Secondary Raw Material
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Halík, Martin
Thisarticle describes the latest methods of handling aggregate from railwaybeds. The updated waste management methods are based on the new ActNo. 541/2020 Coll. and itsimplementation in operation. Attention is paid to the hierarchy of the methods of handling ballast from railway superstructure, new normative documents and regulations in the implementation of maintenance and reconstruction of railway lines. The articlealsodeals with the possibilities of using old materials for new purposes.
Correlation Between Human Development Index and Economic Growth of Major Oil and Gas Producers
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Pekarčíková, Kateřina; Prachařová, Lenka
This paper examines the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the economic growth of the top oil and gas-producing countries. The 14 largest producers selected for analysis are the USA, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iraq, China, United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Kuwait, Iran, Qatar, Australia,Norway, and Algeria. These countries include both developed and developing countries. It is also important to examine the issues mentioned from this perspective. The Pearson correlation coefficient is used for the analysis, and the relationship between economic growth and HDI between 1980 and 2020 is examined. The selected data analysed is almost complete except for a few missing values, for example, in the case of Russia, Saudi Arabia, Canada and Iraq. However, even this fact may slightly distort the analysis. The results show a correlation for all the top producers examined. The highest correlation, very strongly positive, was observed in the case of the USA. Very strong positive correlations were also found for China, Canada, Australia, Russia, Norway, and Algeria. The lowest correlation values were recorded for Iraq, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. The analysis can be used as a basis for further analysis.
Analysis of Hydro-Sedimentary Processes in the El-Malah East River Basin Upstream of the Beni Slimane Gauging Station (N Algeria)
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Fredj, Amira; Chernaout, Redhouane; Dahmani, Saad; Remini, Boualem
Predicting suspended sediment load is essential to identify its intensity and define necessary actions for its reduction. Mathematical models simulating suspended sediment load are an interesting tool for this purpose. Themethodological approachadopted in this article consists in looking for a regressive model that can better explain the suspended sediment discharge through flow discharge by studying this relationship at different temporal scales. The work comprises analyzing and quantifying thesuspended sediment intakes conveyed by theEl-Malah East river at the Beni Slimane gauging station towards the Koudiat Acerdoune reservoir. Theavailable data covers the period from 1973/74 to 1988/1989 for instantaneous measurements of liquid flow discharge Ql–Suspended sediment concentration C and the period from 1985/86 to 1996/97 for daily mean flow discharges and daily mean precipitations. Only power relations obtained on a seasonal scale giving the best coefficient of determination have been selected for the quantification of suspended sediment load conveyed by El-Malah river at Beni Slimane hydrometric station in the period of availability of daily mean flow discharges (1985/86 to 1996/97). The optimization of suspended sediment rating curves has been validated by comparison of the estimated values with the observed data and by fitting Normal distribution to residues datasets. The use of these models has highlighted an intra-annual distribution of the suspended sediment contributions conveyed bythe El-Malah East river at Beni Slimane hydrometric station estimated at 0.088 Mt per year, representing aspecific degradation of about 325 t.km-2y-1 (423 t.km-2y-1 of suspended and bed loads). The results have also shown that the highest liquid intake occurs in spring (45.72 %), winter (32.36 %) and autumn (11.93 %) seasons. This distribution, as well as the distribution of the monthly rainfalls, allowed the conclusion that the runoff period does not always correspond to the rainy period. The highest precipitation occurs in winter (38.74 %), spring (32.25 %) and autumn (21.53 %) seasons. The intra-annual distribution of suspended sediment contributions showed that winter and autumn participate in each one with 28.31 and 27.03% of the total suspended sediment load annually, while summer and spring participate with 23.28 and 21.38 %, respectively. The obtained results can be verified and improved by increasing the size of the available series. They provide appreciable elements of comparison for others basins of the same order, located in semi-arid and aridregions and subjected to similar phenomena. They also allow river basin managers and policymakers to consider necessary actions to fight against land erosion, preserve human activities, increase the life of the Koudiet Acerdoune dam 60 km downstream from the watershed outlet, facilitate decision-making and planning, and ensure effective management.
A Study of the Influence of Economic Factors on World Silver Production
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Kubesa, Jiří; Černý, Igor
Silver is a very important raw material used in industry, especially in the electrical and energy industries. With the increase in electromobility, its potential will grow in the future, and any shortage of silver on the world market could be a threat to modern industry. This article deals with the influence of economic factors (price, population, gross domestic product (GDP) and cumulative inflation) on silver production and the creation of appropriate econometric models that best express the relationship between production and economic factors for the period 2000–2020. The influence of economic factors on world silver production is examined using the coefficient of determination and information criteria. The authors use regression analysis in the article, especially these four types: linear, exponential, logarithmic and power. It is evident from the research that the best functional form of regression is exponential according to the coefficient of determination. Based on the investigated economic factors, it has been found that the price is unsuitable for the creation of econometrics; on the other hand, the other factors are eligible.
Urban Public Transport Services in Selected Czech Towns
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Horák, Jiří; Kukuliač, Pavel; Kolodziej, Ondřej
Urban public transportation systems in 26 selected Czech municipalities are studied using their timetables, location of stops, and price survey. The methodology of their processing is proposed. A set of indicators describing spatial accessibility, performance, and prices are analysed mainly for their relationships to the population with an indication of the municipalities which most deviate from common trends. A proposed four-dimensional evaluation system covers the spatial accessibility operationalised by the number of stops, the service frequency using the number of trips per route, the velocity for selected transport mode and the cost assessedby the price of a one-year ticket or equivalent. The results show the fare fees do not correspond to the performance of urban public transport.
Factors Influencing the Economic Results of Quarries
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Pitřík, Jakub
Human prosperity is closely linked to the availability of raw material resources, among other things. Despite enormous technological progress, we cannot dispense with mineral extraction. Since the mining industry still represents a key sector for society, striving for keeping abreast of the best practices, technologies, and knowledge available in the field is crucial. Benchmarking can serve this purpose, as it is already widely used in other industries. However, the question arises of what specific benchmarks are key for this field. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to highlight critical benchmarks relevant to monitoring and evaluating mining capacities. These have been identified by analysing the financial performance of specific mining operations.
Classification of Methods to Reduce the Carbon Footprint
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Kempa, Filip
The ever-increasing amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has an adverse impact on the environment, causing global warming and related adverse effects. One of the most important greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, the production of which is perceived as a carbon footprint. The carbon footprint is intended to be a tool for appropriate emission reductions and verification, so there is a great need for its standardization at the global level. In carrying out basic research and after working out the advantages and disadvantages, many methods of decarbonization have been identified. The author believes that by simplifying the classification of carbon footprint reductionapproaches into appropriate classes, a clear tool guiding companies in decarbonizing their operations will be created so that the negative impacts of global warming on the Earth are averted as quickly as possible. The aim is, therefore, to identify similarities and differences in methods, which will lead to the identification of new main groups of approaches. Within the framework of the evaluation and after making a comparison according to selected aspects of intensity, seven basic approaches have emerged,thus achieving greater clarity, usability, and better orientation for companies on the issue of reducing their carbon footprint. The results are illustrated at the end of the paper. The least challenging method for low-carbon technology adoption is the promotion of education and dissemination of climate impact awareness. Conversely, the most challenging method appears to be the construction of new green buildings.
Control Methods of Invasive Plant Species and the Influence of Cultural Vegetation on the Microclimate within the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ostrava – Pilot Results
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Kubaczková, Andrea; Pastrňáková, Marie; Kačmařík, Michal; Stalmachová, Barbara; Syrová, Lucie; Turčová, Barbora
This study is a pilot document focusing on two subjects. The first one concernscontrol methods of invasive plant species in the floodplain of the river Odra, specifically on wooded wetlands with pools. The second presents the influence of cultural vegetation on the microclimate within the Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ostrava (CWWTP).The problem is the spread of invasive plant species, especially the Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) and the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), which are expanding in the area to such an extent that they create monodominant invasive vegetation. Variousmethods of controllinginvasive species were gradually tested indefined areas in the forested wetland. Both mechanical and chemical methods were used, as well as their combinations,to find outthe most effective one. The processincludes partial works,such as the selection of areas, the determination of diversity by using phytosociology, the subsequent application of selected interventions,andthe monitoring of given invasive plants with growing accompanying species. This research is time-consuming; therefore,longer application,in termsof years,is assumed, which should lead to much more relevantresults.The CWWTP area acts as a heated island, where surfaces are regularly overheated, negatively affecting the biota and the working environment. One of the working results will be the design of suitable vegetation composition,effectively reducingextreme surface temperatures, especially insummer. The determination of diversity is linked to this sinceany vegetation of different diversity can contribute to a favourablemicroclimate. An area inventory of tree and shrub vegetation and a phytosociological analysis of selected areas are used to evaluate diversity.These surveys were carried out in the wetland ecosystem and the CWWTP area.Another important step is the measurement of surface temperatures of cultural vegetation and built-up areas in the area of the CWWTP, which was carried out by remote sensing. Later, it will be possible to assesswhich of the existing biotopes contributesmore and which less to the cooling function of the urban heat islandand,at the same time,how tocare forthis vegetation so that it fulfillsits role.In the article, we present the results of the pilot survey. For the control oftheinvasive species Impatiens glanduliferaand Solidago canadensis, three control methods were chosen: mechanical (mowing), chemical (herbicide with the active ingredients of triclopyr and fluroxypyr (A.),and herbicide with pelargonic acid (B.)),and combined (A. + mowing, mowing + B.). The initial reactions of these plants to the interventions were visible after about 20–30 days. It was most pronounced in the area withthe dead-end river branch with the combination of A. + mowing, where Impatiens glanduliferaoccurred, and then in the forest area with the occurrence of Solidago canadensiswith the application of herbicide A. When measuring the surface temperatures of the cultural vegetation and built-up areas in the CWWTP area as a heat island, approximate temperatures were recorded: on average, the cultural vegetation ranged from 26.43 to 34.45 °C, the average temperature of the built-up areas was from 47.26to 58.32 °C,and the water surfaces (CWWTP reservoirs) then around 20.65 °C. As part of the tree and shrub layer inventory, we recorded 17 tree species and 5 shrub species in the wetland ecosystem. The phytosociological analysis showed that due to the massive occurrence of invasive plants, theareas in the wetland ecosystem are poorer in species than theareas of the CWWTP with cultural vegetation.
Non-Invasive Geophysical Investigation of Failure Along a Section of Ago-Iwoye Market Road, Ago-Iwoye, Southwestern Nigeria
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Mosuro, Ganiyu Omotola; Dada, Oluwaseyi John; Bayewu, Olateju Olatunj; Oloruntola, Moroof Olasunbo; Odugbesani, Oluwadamilare Oluwatobiloba
A detailed geophysical investigation was carried outto determine ifthe subsurface geology is responsible for the failures along this road section. This study aims to imageand identifycompetent, moderately competent,and incompetent zones of the subsurface soiland thus to findout ifgeology is responsiblefor the failure along this section of the road.Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) using the Wenner array 2D Imaging, and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using the Schlumberger array were adopted for this survey. The geoelectric section from the VES revealed the presence of 3 lithological layers; topsoil, weathered layer (clay, sandyclay, clayey sand),and basement,which is also true for the electrical resistivity images revealed by the 2D electrical resistivity imaging. The results showed that the shallow subsurface beneath the road section is mostly underlain with clay thatis geotechnically incompetent andnot suitable for construction. The causes of road failure are believed to be theresult of the incompetent clayey topsoiland theweathered layer seen inthe profiles, which expand whenabsorbing water and shrink when drying, thuscausing instability beneath the pavement due tothe low shear strength and high compressibility,and also due to fractured basement rocks at shallow depths.
Impact of Releases from the Kef Eddir Dam on the Recharge of the Oued Damous Aquifer
(Vysoká škola báňská - Technická univerzita Ostrava, 2023) Hallouche, Ouassila; Kadir, Samra; Berkane, Rabah; Bouklachi, Mohamed
Artificial recharge is a good way to mobilize water in aquifers and recharge groundwater. Dam releaseis one of the techniques used for groundwater recharge.The periodic releases programmed by the Kef Eddir dam make it possible to recharge the Damouswadi aquifer located in the coastal wilaya of Tipaza in Algeria, whose overexploitation lowersthe level of its water and causes a marine intrusion thatpollutes it.In this work, to estimate the impact of these releases onaquifer recharge, we followedthe releases of March 2020and May2021. The piezometric levelsofgroundwaterweremeasured beforethe releases,duringflow caused by them,and afterthem.These measures concern 13wells located along the Damouswadiwatercourse for the first yearand 18wells for the second year. These two years have sevenwells in common. Itallowed us to comparepiezometric levelsand rechargesbetween 2020 and 2021.In theabsence of releases on our return in May and June 2022, we measured the depth of water presenceand took samples from 6wells to measure thewater conductivity. These measurements allowusto evaluate the piezometry of the water table over these three years, and the conductivity will indicate the degree of salinity of its water.

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