Publikační činnost Institutu jazyků (712)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/139422

Kolekce obsahuje bibliografické záznamy publikační činnosti (článků) akademických pracovníků Institutu jazyků (712) v časopisech registrovaných ve Web of Science od roku 2020 po současnost.
Do kolekce jsou zařazeny:
a) publikace, u nichž je v originálních dokumentech jako působiště autora (adresa) uvedena Vysoká škola báňská-Technická univerzita Ostrava (VŠB-TUO),
b) publikace, u nichž v originálních dokumentech není v adrese VŠB-TUO uvedena, ale autoři prokazatelně v době jejich zpracování a uveřejnění působili na VŠB-TUO.

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Now showing 1 - 14 out of 14 results

Plastic particles in urban compost and their grain size distribution
(Elsevier, 2024) Brťková, Hana; Růžičková, Jana; Slamová, Karolina; Raclavská, Helena; Kucbel, Marek; Šafář, Michal; Gikas, Petros; Juchelková, Dagmar; Švédová, Barbora; Flodrová, Šárka
Gathering information on plastic particles in composts and the processes they undergo is important in terms of potentially limiting their further entry into the environment, for example, in improving the fertilising properties of soils. Microplastics (MPs) were determined in composts produced from urban greenery. They are present in decreasing order: polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The determination of polymers and additives used to improve their properties was performed by pyrolysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (Py-GC/MS). Additives and microplastics are most concentrated in composts in the 0.315-0.63 and 0.63-1.25 mm grain size class, together with the carbon contained in the compost dry matter. Additives form 0.11-0.13% of MPs in dry matter of compost. The average concentration of microplastics in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm is 2434 +/- 224 mg/kg; in the total sample of composts, it is 1368 +/- 286 mg/kg of P-MPs. For composts with particle size <2.5 mm, a relationship between the C/N ratio and the plastic particle concentration was statistically significant. It documents a similar behaviour of lignocellulose and plastic particles during the degradation processes. A relationship between the concentration of polymer markers and additives in the compost dry matter and their concentrations in the leachate has been demonstrated. The leachability from compost is higher for additives than for chemical compounds originating from the decomposition of the main components of MPs. The suitability of the use of the compost for agricultural purposes was monitored by the germination index (GI) for watercress. The lowest value of the GI was determined in the particle size class from 0.63 to 1.25 mm. The leachability of polymer markers and additives alone cannot explain the low GI value in this grain size class. The GI value is also influenced by the leachability of chemical compounds characterised by the value of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and water-leachable nitrogen (N-w). A statistically significant dependence between DOC/N-w and the germination index value was found.
Collection of plastic packaging of various types: Sorting of fractions of plastic waste using both automated and manual modes
(IEEE, 2024) Procházka, Robert; Valíček, Jan; Harničárová, Marta; Kušnerová, Milena; Tozan, Hakan; Borzan, Cristina; Kadnár, Milan; Palková, Zuzana; Gálik, Roman; Slamová, Karolina
The efficient use of municipal waste is becoming increasingly important for sustainable environmental quality. An integral part of the process of recycling waste material is its quality sorting. Nowadays, both manual and automated sorting methods, especially optical sorting, are used worldwide for sorting mixed waste. This article presents the application of the NIR/VIS optical sorting system through a description of this processing equipment integrated into a specific plastic waste processing line. The aim of the article was to select the optimal mode of operation generally applicable to mixed waste, and, specifically, to compare the quality of sorting of plastic waste in automated and manual sorting modes. In order to compare the efficiency of the sorting system, significant parameters of the sorting process were proposed. The measurement of the plastic waste sorting purity parameter was based on data obtained by weighing selected control samples, and the evaluation of the results of these measurements showed, in particular, the dependence of the concerned parameter not only on the sorting mode, i.e., automated and manual, but also on the conveyor belt speed/waste material flow, on the pre-sorting methods and, in the case of manual sorting, on the operating shift. The subsequent economic assessment of both sorting processes clearly declared the investment in automated sorting systems in the optical system operation mode not only as profitable, but also as extremely advantageous both for the production economy and the environment.
Environmental impact assessment of the coal yard and ambient pollution
(Springer Nature, 2024) Kucbel, Marek; Raclavská, Helena; Slamová, Karolina; Šafář, Michal; Švédová, Barbora; Juchelková, Dagmar; Růžičková, Jana
This study investigates the vertical distribution of pollutants emitted from coal yards using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Vertical concentration measurements of black carbon (BC) and particulate matter (PM) in a range of 1 m to 100 m above ground level (AGL) in the central coal yard showed clear spatial patterns and gradients of these pollutants. In addition, measurements were taken at specific heights (1 m, 30 m AGL, and 60 m AGL) at seven locations approximately 3 km from the yard. Thirteen measurements were carried out during the non-heating period under similar weather conditions. The measured BC concentrations decreased significantly with increasing altitude, with ground-level concentrations reaching 1.88 +/- 0.61 mu g/m3 and decreasing by over 46% at 80 m AGL. Similarly, PM10 concentrations at 60 m AGL decreased by 21.7%, with values of 25.99 +/- 9.24 mu g/m3 measured near the ground level and 16.52 +/- 8.31 mu g/m3 at 60 m AGL. The maximum coal particle pollution from the coal depot ranges from 500 to 1,000 m. The study showed a significant decrease in BC concentrations with height above the coal yard surface. Concentrations of PM10 and PM10-TSP showed a complex distribution influenced by local emissions and long-range particle transport. Meteorological factors, especially wind speed and direction, significantly influenced the pollutant dispersion. In addition, higher pollutant concentrations were measured during dry periods than after rainfall. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the dispersion patterns and potential impacts of coal dust, enabling the implementation of targeted mitigation strategies and improved pollution control measures.
Incidence and spread of additives from co-combustion of plastic waste in domestic boilers in indoor and outdoor environments around the family house
(Elsevier, 2023) Růžičková, Jana; Raclavská, Helena; Kucbel, Marek; Pfeifer, Christoph; Juchelková, Dagmar; Hrbek, Jitka; Šafář, Michal; Slamová, Karolina; Švédová, Barbora; Kantor, Pavel
The additives released from plastic waste during co-combustion significantly influence indoor air quality. It was found that the unauthorised burning of plastics in households increased the additive concentrations in the indoor air of living spaces by an average of 5 μg/m3. This effect was observed from the difference between background concentrations (indoor quality during combustion of wood) and concentrations during the co-combustion of plastics. The one-way ANOVA analysis shows that indoor air quality is affected not only by the migration of pollutants from the boiler room within the indoor environment (infiltration) but also by air exchange with emissions and outdoor air. The highest concentrations of released additives in the boiler room were found for polystyrene > polypropylene > polyethylene terephthalate > polyethylene (low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene). Phthalates from polystyrene (21.16 ± 3.15 μg/m3) were released at the highest concentration, while phthalates from other plastics reached approximately half of this value. During the combustion of high-density polyethylene with softwood, chemical compounds from the residuals of content in plastic packaging were identified in the air (6.26 ± 0.31 μg/m3). Almost all these compounds show significant adverse health effects (irritation of the skin and the respiratory system), and some are carcinogenic.
Municipal sludges as sources of energy or nutrients – What is the best?
(Elsevier, 2023) Raclavská, Helena; Růžičková, Jana; Šafář, Michal; Kucbel, Marek; Slamová, Karolina; Švédová, Barbora; Juchelková, Dagmar; Kantor, Pavel
The decision on the optimal use of sludges from wastewater treatment plants is still very complex, even when applying the principles of sustainability and circular economy. Interest in the energy use of sludges is conditioned not only by their inclusion among biowaste but also by the availability of technologies that meet emission limits and newly by the possibility of extending anaerobic digestion processes to hydrogen production. The use of sludges in agriculture as a source of carbon and nutrients is limited by concerns about the occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds and especially micropollutants that can migrate in individual environmental compartments. Based on information from the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, 287 compounds of anthropogenic origin in sludge were divided into five groups: compounds causing environmental risk, health risk, acute toxicity, irritant, and no impact. The group of compounds causing environmental risk (highly toxic for the aquatic environment) includes 42 compounds. Phytotoxicity tests (Lepidium sativum) in relation to other parameters characterising sludge stability have shown that the key parameter for achieving a germination index >85% is the amount of organic matter expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity.
Fate of microplastics during composting and their leachability
(Elsevier, 2022) Růžičková, Jana; Raclavská, Helena; Šafář, Michal; Kovaľ, Silvie; Juchelková, Dagmar; Kucbel, Marek; Švédová, Barbora; Slamová, Karolina
The occurrence of chemical compounds specific to individual plastic polymers allowed the determination of components in compost feedstock (urban greenery and bio bins of households). The total concentration of plastic polymers is 431 mg/kg. The main identified polymers are polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, and polypropylene. Ad-ditives used to modify the properties of plastics are present in the concentration of 195 mg/kg. Twelve compounds used as additives in the production of plastics in both the feedstock and the compost were identified. A statistically significant relationship was found between the decrease of concentration of organic matter and concentrations of compounds that identify plastic polymers (polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene). The decrease of concentrations of compounds specific to polymers after three months was observed in the range between 33 and 84%, while the decrease for additives was 68%. After 18 months, the loss was higher than 82% except for polypropylene (only 70%). Compound leachability after three months of composting decreased to one-quarter for most polymers (except polypropylene and polyethylene), and to one-third for additives.
The origin of potential precursors of secondary organic aerosols during combustion of biochar and softwood in residential heating
(Elsevier, 2022) Růžičková, Jana; Raclavská, Helena; Juchelková, Dagmar; Kucbel, Marek; Slamová, Karolina
Compounds that are potential precursors of secondary organic -aerosols account for up to 33.4 +/- 7.1 mg/m(3 )in softwood combustion emissions, while biochar can be considered zero-emission fuel (0.18 +/- 0.06 mg/m(3)). The characteristic feature of gaseous emissions from biochar combustion is the presence of n-alkanes (70.3 +/- 6.6 mu g/m(3)), which arise from the thermal degradation of waxes, cuticles, and plant lipids. In addition to alkanes, carboxylic acids (4.9 +/- 0.2 mu g/m(3)) are present in biochar emissions at significantly lower concentrations. In deposits from biochar combustion (6.1 +/- 0.8 g/kg), the internal parts of the boiler capture 20% more organic compounds than in wood-burning deposits (4.84 +/- 0.91 g/kg). The greater uptake of organic compounds in biochar combustion deposits (513.8 +/- 6.2 g/kg) than in softwood (382.7 +/- 27.3 g/kg) is related to the higher elemental carbon content in biochar. The organic compounds present in deposits from biochar are mainly methyl ketone, fatty acids such and alkanes. In deposits from softwood, the compounds of chemical groups of phenols, anhydrosaccharides and acetic acids are present. The novelty lies in identifying and determining the quantity of organic compounds that form precursors of the solid organic aerosols in the combustion of biochar.
Influence of heat treatment of steel AISI316L produced by the selective laser melting method on the properties of welded joint
(MDPI, 2022) Mohyla, Petr; Hajnyš, Jiří; Gembalová, Lucie; Zapletalová, Andrea; Krpec, Pavel
This work is focused on the influence of heat treatment of a part produced by the SLM (selective laser melting) method of stainless steel, 316L. Two heat treatment regimens were tested and compared with the state without heat treatment. Subsequently, TIG (tungsten inert gas) welds were created on the base materials processed in this way. All welds were subjected to mechanical tests and microstructural analysis. The tensile test was performed both for the welded joint and for the base material in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The tensile strength values of the samples with the welded joint were compared with the values required for the base material, 316L forged steel (1.4404). Microstructural analysis revealed significant differences between samples with and without heat treatment. The results of these tests are supported by SEM analysis. EDAX (energy dispersive analysis of X-rays) semiquantitative analysis confirmed the presence of ultra-fine pores in the structure. The results of mechanical tests show that the solution annealing at 1040 degrees C for 0.5 h gives better results than the same heat treatment with a duration of 2 h.
The use of polymer compounds in the deposits from the combustion of briquettes in domestic heating as an identifier of fuel quality
(Springer Nature, 2021) Růžičková, Jana; Raclavská, Helena; Juchelková, Dagmar; Šafář, Michal; Kucbel, Marek; Švédová, Barbora; Slamová, Karolina; Grobelak, Anna
The utilisation of waste wood from furniture production brings new problems connected with an incomplete thermochemical decomposition of additives (chemicals for improving properties of plastics) in small heating with the addition of sources. Unique organic compounds produced by the combustion of waste wood allow the identification of the type of fuel. The organic compounds contained in the char deposits were analysed by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The deposits from the combustion of briquettes from furniture production contain organic compounds originating by decomposition of phenolic resins, aminoplasts (urea-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde and melamine), polyurethanes and wood glue. Additives contained in the deposits include plasticisers such as phthalates (DEHP, dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate), flame retardants (2-propanol, 1-chlorophosphate (3:1) and p-terphenyl). Deposits from the combustion of briquettes from virgin wood do not contain these compounds. The total amount of compounds identified in the deposits from the boiler, which do not come from virgin wood combustion, varies in the range between 4.25 and 6.25 g/kg. Phthalates (55.5%) and PVAc adhesives (18.6%) are the main anthropogenic compounds in the deposits from domestic boilers.
Effect of biochar addition on the improvement of the quality parameters of compost used for land reclamation
(Springer Nature, 2021) Raclavská, Helena; Růžičková, Jana; Raclavský Konstantin; Juchelková, Dagmar; Kucbel, Marek; Švédová, Barbora; Slamová, Karolina; Kacprzak, Małgorzata
The 5% addition of biochar in composting in rows contributes significantly to reducing volatile organic compound(VOC) emissions. When composting with the addition of biochar, the average temperature increased by 13 +/- 6.7 degrees C during the whole period, and the thermophilic phase was extended by 11 days. The higher temperature supported a reduction in the time necessary for achieving the biological stability observed by the oxygen uptake rate by more than 10 days. For organic compounds formed by the degradation of easily degradable primary components (proteins), the addition of biochar significantly reduces the release of organic compounds with heterocyclically bound nitrogen (N-org-VOCs) and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The end of the biodegradation process is indicated by a decrease in VOC concentrations below initial values in the input material. This state was achieved in the compost with added biochar after 47 days, while in compost without added biochar, it lasted 60 days.
The quality of composts prepared in automatic composters from fruit waste generated by the production of beverages
(Elsevier, 2021) Raclavská, Helena; Růžičková, Jana; Juchelková, Dagmar; Šafář, Michal; Brťková, Hana; Slamová, Karolina
Ensuring the processing of food waste from the production of food and beverages in the automatic composters can be difficult because of the physicochemical properties of input raw materials. Very often, the final product does not meet the requirements for composts according to the European Compost Network. Optimisation of input food waste from the production of beverages was performed by the addition of the bulk materials such as sawdust and clay minerals (bentonite). Toxicity of the compost is caused by organic compounds with polar and non polar properties. These compounds belong to the groups of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, tannin, and phenols, coumarins and terpenes. Phytotoxicity is mostly influenced by the group of terpenes. The addition of sawdust used as bulking agent decreases the concentrations of almost all chemical compounds. The group of tannin and compounds containing phenols represents an exception because these compounds are released from sawdust.
An influence of the fuel type on element behaviour in domestic boilers with respect to the circular economy
(MDPI, 2021) Raclavská, Helena; Kantor, Pavel; Růžičková, Jana; Kucbel, Marek; Švédová, Barbora; Slamová, Karolina; Flodrová, Šárka; Juchelková, Dagmar
The use of waste from the regional production of waste wood, waste paper, and cardboard in the form of briquettes may be causing an increase in local emissions, both of major elements and trace elements. When burning paper and cardboard briquettes, more than 70% of Mn, Zn, As, and Pb is released into the air from the total content of trace elements in the fuel. The largest amounts of major and trace elements are released when burning paper briquettes (56 g/kg of fuel); half of these amounts are released from burning briquettes from waste wood and coal (23 g/kg of fuel). The pursuit of alternative uses for those cardboard components that are not suitable for recycling cannot be directed to the production of briquettes for residential combustion in the framework of the application of the principles of the circular economy. In particular, the high concentrations of undesirable elements in the emissions released in the gas phase into the atmosphere are an obstacle existing even when the parameters of the PM10 emissions of a boiler are met. This is related to the high ash content of the cardboard (13.5%). Waste paper or cardboard could be added to waste wood at a maximum of 10% to make the pollution produced comparable to the burning of coal briquettes.
Case study of anaerobic digestion process stability detected by dissolved hydrogen concentration
(MDPI, 2021) Platošová, Daniela; Rusín, Jiří; Platoš, Jan; Smutná, Kateřina; Buryjan, Roman
The paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment of mesophilic single-stage anaerobic digestion performed to verify the possibility of early detection of process instability and reactor overload by evaluating the course of dissolved hydrogen concentration of the main intermediate. The digestion process was run in a Terrafors IS rotary drum bioreactor for 230 days. The substrate dosed on weekdays was food leftovers from the university canteen. At an average temperature of 37 degrees C, an organic loading of volatiles of 0.858 kg m(-3) day(-1) and a theoretical retention time of 259 days, biogas production of 0.617 Nm(3) kg VS-1 was achieved with a CH4 content of 51.7 vol. %. The values of the established FOS/TAC stability indicator ranged from 0.26 to 11.4. The highest value was reached when the reactor was overloaded. The dissolved hydrogen concentration measured by the amperometric microsensor ranged from 0.039-0.425 mg dm(-3). Data were statistically processed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The correlation of the hydrogen concentration with other parameters such as the concentration of organic acids was evaluated. The value of Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.331 and corresponded to a p-value of 0. The results confirmed a very low limit of the hydrogen concentration at which the microbial culture, especially methanogens, was already overloaded. The amperometric microsensor proved to be rather unsuitable for operational applications due to insufficient sensitivity and short service life. The newly designed ratio of dissolved hydrogen concentration to neutralizing capacity was tested but did not work significantly better than the established FOS/TAC stability indicator.
Accuracy of determination of azimuth with a gyrotheodolite by the follow-up measurement
(Springer Nature, 2020) Dandoš, Rostislav; Bezdíček, Vladimír; Wlochová, Andrea
The article deals with the determination of the achievable accuracy of an azimuth by the follow-up measurement, which is provided by the Sokkia GYRO X II automatic Gyro Station. The paper briefly describes basic information about the device and how it works. The first part describes the gyrotheodolite and the follow-up measurement, one of the methods of determining astronomical true north. Further, it describes the construction of a survey base station where the follow-up measurement was tested, followed by a procedure for measuring and subsequent data processing. Finally, the accuracy achieved is assessed.

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