Publikační činnost Hornicko-geologické fakulty / Publications of Faculty of Mining and Geology (HGF))

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10084/110371

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Now showing 1 - 7 out of 7 results

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining, meandering tropical rivers, and geological heritage: Evidence from Brazil and Indonesia
(Elsevier, 2020) Bruno, Delia E.; Ruban, Dmitry A.; Tiess, Günter; Pirrone, Nicola; Perrotta, Piero; Mikhailenko, Anna, V.; Ermolaev, Vladimir A.; Yashalova, Natalia N.
Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) flourishes along many tropical rivers, and it still requires proper documentation in many countries, as well as interpretation in terms of rational resource exploitation and wildlife preservation. In this study we used remote sensing techniques to analyze two representative examples of ASGM: one along the Marupa River in Brazil (Tapaj6s Domain) and another one along the Kahayan River in Indonesia (Central Kalimantan). The documented spatial extent of ASGM is similar to 9175 km(2) along the Marupa River and similar to 30,427 km(2) along the Kahayan River. It was established these activities change rapidly (2-3 years) in space. Although active and inactive sites occur in both areas, a great number of inactive sites distinguish the Marupa River. It is very crucial that ASGM along the Marupa and Kahayan rivers link strongly to watercourse meanders, but also changes river valley morphology. This is an interesting evidence of coupled fluvial-anthropic morphodynamics of meandering river valleys. Geological phenomena represented in the study areas include gold resource exploitation (economic phenomenon), landforms and their dynamics (geomorphological phenomenon), and mercury environmental pollution (geochemical phenomenon). Due to remarkable spatial extent interconnection, these phenomena seem to be unique and, thus, constituting geological heritage. Identification of the latter means that ASGM sites add value to the local environment. A paradox is that illegal and mercuryreleasing ASGM needs termination, but such an action will result in the loss of the noted geological heritage value. Solution to this paradox requires careful development of plans for local management. However, it is clear that the presence of the noted heritage requires turning more attention to ASGM and their natural (river valley) context.
Combined mineral and geoheritage resources related to kaolin, phosphate, and cement production in Egypt: Conceptualization, assessment, and policy implications
(Elsevier, 2018) Ruban, Dmitry A.; Tiess, Günter; Sallam, Emad S.; Ponedelnik, Alena A.; Yashalova, Natalia N.
Societal and environmental importance of geological resources has to be fully considered, as well as their relevance to national heritage conservation, tourism development, etc. Geological resources are usually understood in the context of mineral extraction, energy production, and waste storage, but their significance to the society is also linked to their heritage value. As geological resources constitute a part of the natural heritage, they need conservation and sustainable exploitation. Evidently, mineral and geological heritage (geoheritage) resources often co-occur. Production of raw material via extraction from the interiors and subsequent processing determine certain heritage value. As a result, the combined mining and geoheritage resource should be recognized. Such a resource can be exploited for the purposes of mining and tourism. For instance, huge reserves and globally-important production of kaolin, phosphate, and cement in Egypt determine the existence of the combined mineral and geoheritage resources that can be doubly exploited (for mining and tourism) and conserved. Some sites relevant to mining and processing of the noted raw materials are potential geoheritage sites (in Egypt, these include the Kalabsha and El-Sebaiya quarries and the Medcom-Aswan cement factory). Management of miningrelated geoheritage is challenging, and disputes between different stakeholders are possible. Special policy related to simultaneous exploitation and conservation of the combined mineral and geoheritage resource has to be developed. In order to better evaluate the combined mineral and geoheritage resource, it is recommended to link its potential to provisioning and recreational geosystem services analogous to the similar ecosystem services.
Abrasive water-jet technology waste and its processing possibilities
(Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin, 2015) Šupolíková, Gabriela; Černý, Jakub; Gembalová, Lucie; Hlaváčová, Irena
The paper is dealing with the environmental research of waste material rising from abrasive water-jet cutting. On the occasion of disposal of the slurry from the overfull collector tank in the Laboratory of the Liquid jet of the Department of Physics at the Technical University of Ostrava the waste material was studied. Samples from different points of the catcher were collected into the beaks, dried up and consequently their elemental and structural composition has been analyzed. The results were primarily evaluated from the viewpoint of effectiveness of further abrasive recycling and usage (either as an abrasive - for this reason the residual cutting ability of the grains was discussed, or as a fine powder material for other applications - the size and shape of the grains was considered). Second viewpoint which was discussed was potential environmental hazard arising from the normal disposal of the waste material. The analysis of dried slurry samples was carried on by electron microprobe. Twenty one samples of waste mixture from various parts and depths of the tank were analyzed and compared with samples of non-used abrasive material. It was proved that abrasive material which had undergone the process of cutting was significantly impaired. It should be recycled in some cases but careful economic calculation taking into account all additional costs connected with separation of suitable abrasive fraction and its drying should be necessary. X-rays analysis provided information about chemical composition of the waste material. Most of the sludge was from abrasives, namely almandine. Higher contents of magnesium oxide, lower contents of aluminum oxide and higher contents of iron oxide, however, was probably caused by presence of other abrasive materials, such as olivine or zirconium which had been also used for cutting during the working period of the system. No potentially harmful material was detected by the X-ray analysis. It can be therefore stated that waste material from the water-jet cutting can be disposed on a common landfill without any restrictions.
The geological heritage of the Kurkur-Dungul area in southern Egypt
(Elsevier, 2018) Sallam, Emad S.; Ponedelnik, Alena A.; Tiess, Günter; Yashalova, Natalia N.; Ruban, Dmitry A.
The inventory of the geological heritage of Egypt is important for its efficient conservation and usage for the purposes of science, education, and tourism. The field investigations in the Kurkur Dungul area in southern Egypt have permitted to identify several unique geological features. Their type, rank, relative abundance, and intrinsic diversity, as well as importance of the entire geological heritage of the study area are investigated. Seven geological heritage types are distinguished, namely stratigraphical, sedimentary, palaeogeographical, mineralogical, structural, geomorphological, and economical types. The rank of the features belonging to the listed types ranges from local to global, and the relative abundance and the intrinsic diversity range from low to high. The global rank is established for the sedimentary type, which is determined by the wide distribution of palaeospring tufa deposits. The high relative abundance and intrinsic diversity are established for the geomorphological type. The entire geological heritage of the Kurkur Dungul area can be employed for diversification of the existing tourism programs offered at the tourist destination of Aswan, as well as for geotourism development. A geopark can be created in the Kurkur Dungul area for the better exploitation of its geological heritage. The combined development of geological and industrial tourism seems to be possible.
A support for the existence of paleolakes and paleorivers buried under Saharan sand by means of "gravitational signal" from EIGEN 6C4
(Springer, 2017) Klokočník, Jaroslav; Kostelecký, Jan; Cílek, Václav; Bezděk, Aleš; Pešek, Ivan
The goal of this study is to demonstrate that and how the recent gravitational and topographic data support the findings made by geologists and others as for the existence of the paleolakes and paleoriver systems, now buried under the sands of Sahara. It is always important and useful to have such an independent analysis supporting certain results, and this paper is such a case. We make use of the gravity disturbances (or anomalies), the Marussi tensor of the second derivatives of the disturbing geopotential, the gravitational invariants and their certain ratio, the strike angle and the virtual deformations. The geopotential is represented by the global combined (from satellite and terrestrial data) high-resolution gravity field model EIGEN 6C4 (till degree and order 2160 in spherical harmonic expansion). The topography is derived from the ASTER GDEM and ETOPO 1 models (both are used). With all these data, we confirm the existence of huge paleolakes or paleoriver systems under the Saharan sands known or anticipated in an independent way by geologists for the lakes MegaChad, Fazzan and Chotts; for Tamanrasset river valley; and Kufrah Basin, presumptive previous flow of the Nile River. Moreover, we suggest a part of the Grand Egyptian Sand Sea as another "candidate" for a paleolake and hence for a follow-up survey.
A genetic algorithm based approach to provide solutions for emergency aid stations location problem and a case study for Pendik/İstanbul
(De Gruyter, 2015) Tozan, Hakan; Donmez, Sercan
The emergency aid station is one of the crucial components of the emergency health service chain providing vital acute medical care. This paper aims to solve a real world case related with the deployment of emergency aid stations in one of the densely populated districts of İstanbul/Turkey in order to determine the minimal number of ambulances needed to maintain complete coverage of all districts and also to obtain maximum population coverage with limited available ambulances. In this context, a new genetic algorithm capable of presenting quick and qualified solutions for a specific set and maximal covering location problems with limitations on service capacity of facilities is proposed.
Mineralogy of neutral mine drainage in the tailings of siderite-Cu ores in Eastern Slovakia
(Mineralogical Association of Canada, 2014) Kučerová, Gabriela; Majzlan, Juraj; Lalinská-Voleková, Bronislava; Radková, Anežka; Bačík, Peter; Michňová, Jana; Šottník, Peter; Jurkovič, Ľubomír; Klimko, Tomáš; Steininger, Ralph; Göttlicher, Jörg
This work presents the results of investigation of the primary minerals and their weathering products of two tailing ponds near the villages of Rudňany and Slovinky in eastern Slovakia. The tailings are near-neutral or slightly alkaline (pH = 7.2–8.8) because the acidity generated by the decomposition of the sulfides is efficiently neutralized by the abundant carbonate minerals. The most frequent primary gangue minerals are siderite, quartz, barite, and muscovite. The prevailing primary sulfide minerals in both tailing ponds are pyrite and chalcopyrite; less common are tetrahedrite and arsenopyrite. The most frequent secondary and tertiary (i.e., formed in the tailings, not in the oxidation zone of the deposits) minerals at both localities are iron oxides, either goethite or poorly crystalline hydrous ferric oxide. Other minerals (cuprite, malachite, delafossite; identified by X-ray microdiffraction or Raman spectroscopy) are minor or rare and occur only in Slovinky. The iron oxide minerals are enriched in a suite of elements, including Cu, Si, Ca, Zn, As, Mg, and Mn. The transformations of the poorly crystalline hydrous ferric oxide to goethite and maturation of goethite is controlled by both high-valence tetrahedral cations (Si, As, P) and lower-valence octahedral cations (Cu), as shown by the measurements of the size of coherently diffracting domains in goethite and the chemical composition of goethite. The iron oxide minerals, by virtue of their adsorption capacity, prevent separate minerals of many metals and metalloids (Cu, Ca, As, Sb) from nucleating and growing, and therefore control the entire neutral mine drainage (NMD) system. Geochemical modeling of the discharged waters shows that all common Cu and ferric arsenate minerals are strongly undersaturated, confirming the central role of iron oxide phases in the NMD system.

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