Zvyšování výhřevnosti a kvality plynu ze zplyňování biomasy

Abstract

Dissertation "Improving high heating value and quality of gas from biomass gasification" deals with the topic of raising the quality of gas from the gasification of biomass gasification in the reactor VT1 developed in Energy Research Center. This thesis is based on the several projects about the production of electricity and heating by solid fuels gasification. Work begins with a brief introduction and presentation of the objectives and ways of achieving them. In the next chapter there is presented review of latest technologies developed in the Czech, European and global markets. There are also presented technologies developed in collaboration with Energy Research Center. Theoretical part of dissertation shows description of the gasification process with a wider analysis of the types of reactions occurring during the fuel conversion process. Considerable attention is given to the emerging contamination in gas generator and the primary and secondary methods of improving the gas quality. This part is devoted to tips how to design reactors for the gasification of fuels to achieve the best results and avoid problems such as with the melting of the ash. The experimental part of the thesis is composed of five individual experiments. The basis for research in all experiments was a downdraft reactor VT1, which was adequately prepared to carry out the planned research. The study began with experiments related to the assessment of the behaviour of the reactor with spruce pellets at different temperatures in the reduction zone and for different ranges of performance. Based on these experiences to the gasification process was added to the various bed zones: steam and oxygen, whose aim was to assess the interaction of additional agents for the gasification process and the composition of the resulting gas. In the next two series of experiments there have been assessed the impact of adding dolomite and halloysite to fuel on the gasification process, which began with the evaluation of laboratory tests in high-temperature furnace. Last series of measurements was dedicated to test the properties and the ability to separate dust in high-temperature cartridge filter based on elements made of ceramic fibres. The last analytical chapter considers the effects of adding various types of media and additive on the parameters of the reactor and the fuel conversion efficiency in the gasification process. A wider analysis of the efficiency of gasification of fuel has allowed evaluating conducted experiments. The conclusion summarizes all important results, highlights the benefits of this work and outlines the possibility of continuing research in this area.