Srovnání aditivních a subtraktivních technologií výroby z hlediska energetických toků a vlivů na životní prostředí

Abstract

The presented dissertation thesis deals with the research on the comparison of additive and subtractive production technologies in terms of energy flows and environmental impacts. The dissertation thesis is divided into several sections, which are logically interconnected to form a coherent and meaningful plan aimed at achieving the stated objectives. The first part of the thesis begins with a thorough summary of information and principles in the field of manufacturing processes, both conventional and additive manufacturing methods. Subsequently, the method of life cycle assessment analysis of products, technologies, or services and the principles of its creation, are comprehensively described. The analysis deals with the quantification and qualification of the energy and mass flows that are exchanged during the life cycle with the environment. The analysis includes the design of suitable products for production and their subsequent assessment. A simple rotating component, the air jet compressor, and a commonly used measuring device, the centric orifice plate, were selected. In the next section, the dissertation describes the methodology for collecting and measuring the inventory data required for the life cycle. In the experimental phase of the dissertation thesis, the first part is a thermodynamic design of an air jet compressor. The technical design of the centric orifice plate was then carried out by Mattech, Ltd. The technical design is followed by the creation of the actual product life cycle of the so-called cradle-to-grave type. Four assessment scenarios were produced, the production of selected products using conventional manufacturing processes with and without the end of life phase of recycling and similarly two scenarios for additive manufacturing processes using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. In the last phase of the experimental part, an assessment is performed using the selected assessment methodologies ReCiPe 2016 v 1.1 (H), CML 2001 – Aug.2016, and Environmental Footprint 3.0, where the energy flows, environmental impacts, and overall sustainability of the production methods are discussed based on these methodologies. Possible ways for improving and efficiently using natural resources while preserving the environment are suggested.