Výzkum možnosti aplikace technologie SNCR pro denitrifikaci kotle K4 v Elektrárně Opatovice

Abstract

Dissertation is focused on achieving the emission limit for nitrogen oxides by a selected power equipment. Reducing emissions and increasing energy efficiency is one of the objectives of environmental policy in the Czech Republic. In the coming period will be based on the "National Programme for emission reductions" focus primarily on reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the major energy operators will need to gradually achieve the 2016 emission levels less than 200 mg /mN3.

The Introduction of dissertation is focused on emissions and the environment in Europe and in the Czech Republic now and in years past. This work deals with reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and achieving future emission limits for large energy facilities. The first chapters are devoted to the characterization and description of NOx emissions from burning fossil fuels in power plants. The theoretical analysis of oxides of nitrogen are followed by chapters describing the reduction of pollutants in exhaust gases and smoke – first way is the primary method of reducing of nitrogen oxides when that technology prevent the emergence of NOx during the combustion process within the boiler combustion chamber and next way is the secondary emission reduction methods, which lie in the chemical removal of already existing nitrogen oxides of gas.

To achieve the future NOx emission limit was evaluated as the most suitable method selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), the principle of effectiveness, efficiency, and a detailed description of each component is devoted in another parts of the dissertation. Experimental section includes a detailed description of the extensive testing SNCR technology at an appropriate energy-selected facility in three different power modes. For testing technology SNCR was selected a power plant boiler K4 Opatovice with Kramers fireplace and direct blowing coal powder into the combustion chamber, whose construction and various modifications are described in detail in several next chapters. During testing SNCR technology into the boiler combustion chamber was injected urea solution, the installation of nozzles and flows of urea were changed, concentrations of gaseous emissions of NOx, CO and HN3 were continuously recorded and the degree of NOx reduction was determinated.

In conclusion of work was carried out assessment of extensive testing SNCR technology at the boiler K4, not only with regard to the level of NOx reduction, but also with an attention to the increase of ammonia slip and the increase of CO emissions. After testing SNCR technology was fixed the amount of ammonium ions in the desulphurization facilities and evaluate the most appropriate modes of SNCR technology for each performance of the boiler.