Interface engineering of SRu-mC(3)N(4) heterostructures for enhanced electrochemical hydrazine oxidation reactions

Abstract

Hydrazine oxidation in single-atom catalysts (SACs) could exploit the efficiency of metal atom utilization, which is a substitution for noble metal-based electrolysers that results in reduced overall cost. A well-established ruthenium single atom over mesoporous carbon nitride (SRu-mC(3)N(4)) catalyst is explored for the electro-oxidation of hydrazine as one of the model reactions for direct fuel cell reactions. The electrochemical activity observed with linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) confirmed that SRu-mC(3)N(4) shows an ultra-low onset potential of 0.88 V vs. RHE, and with a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) the observed potential was 1.19 V vs. RHE, compared with mesoporous carbon nitride (mC(3)N(4)) (1.77 V vs. RHE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (i-t) studies on SRu-mC(3)N(4) show a smaller charge-transfer resistance (R-Ct) of 2950 omega and long-term potential, as well as current stability of 50 h and 20 mA/cm(2), respectively. Herein, an efficient and enhanced activity toward HzOR was demonstrated on SRu-mC(3)N(4) from its synergistic platform over highly porous C3N4, possessing large and independent active sites, and improving the subsequent large-scale reaction.