Real measurement of carbon monoxide, total suspended particulate, and thermal efficiency in modern biomass household boilers

Abstract

One of the most significant anthropogenic sources of atmospheric pollution is a home heating with solid fuels. Therefore, governments often financially support modernization of home heat sources. Modernization can result in new technology installation (heat pumps or gas condensing boilers etc.) or in upgrade of current technology by installation of a boiler with higher emission and efficiency standards. In the Czech Republic when a new boiler is installed, there are currently no legal requirements for a final inspection before use. This article presents the results of field measurements of five boilers with heat output 20-30 kW (three wood gasification and two wood pellets automatic boilers). The measurements (CO, TSP, thermal efficiency) were conducted during routine daily use. The goal of conducted investigation was to evaluate performance of currently subsidized wood gasification and automatic pellet boilers. Obtained results were compared to declared emission classification (according to EN 303-5:2012). All boilers failed to meet legal limits in one or more certification categories. Results lead to conclusion that there are four factors impacting generated pollution (boiler construction, operator awareness, quality of fuel, boiler maintenance). In order to decrease pollution from residential heating, all four factors shall be taken into consideration. If one factor is omitted, generated pollution immediately or progressively increases.