New method of swing observation to determine accurate plummet position at the plumb line for both connecting surveys and orientation measurements

Abstract

Purpose of connecting surveys and orientation measurements is to determine mutual position of underground mine working and building objects, situated on the surface and/or with other underground workings, situated on other horizons. Should a mine shaft is the development working, it is necessary to project a surface point to connected horizon. With respect to required positioning accuracy of project point as well as depths of connected horizons within the OKD (Ostrava-Karviná Collieries), the Institute of Geodesy and Mine Surveying developed a new plummet swing observation method during projecting the points into underground by means of a specially adjusted plummet.