Vliv Průmyslu 4.0 na český trh práce

Abstract

We are currently at the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which will bring with it a series of positive and negative changes to society as a whole. These changes are based not only on technological elements themselves, but also on their impacts on a large part of the economy. This bachelor's work deals with the effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also called Industry 4.0, on the Czech labour market. It also looks at the effects on education, fiscal revenues and society as a whole. Part of this work is separate research with experts in this field, Czech companies, institutions and school facilities. The main aim of this research is to identify the impacts of Industry 4.0 on the labour market. This is understood to be a positive and negative impacts that this implementation will have not only on employees, but also on the overall economy of Czech companies and institutions. The partial aim of this work is to identify the effects that are closely related to the Czech labour market, that is to say, the effects on the education system and the fiscal revenues of the state. For this qualitative research was used a method of semi-structured interviews. The data obtained from these interviews was used to analyse the impact of Industry 4.0 on the Czech labour market, namely the introduction of digitisation, automation and robotization trends. This research has found that the use of technology elements Industry 4.0 for private businesses means, for example, cost reduction, increased competitiveness, improvement of production , overall acceleration ofproduction processes and more. The main expected changes in the labour market due to the introduction of Industry 4.0 include a change in the structure of jobs and an increase in demand for skilled labour. These changes have a major impact on the required qualifications of workers, as employers will require completely new knowledge and skills, which may result in an overall increase in unemployment. Research shows that the Czech labour market is not yet fully prepared for these revolutionary changes. The main reason for the Czech Republic's unpreparedness to implement Industry 4.0 is the current state of supply of retraining courses and the education system itself. The current offer of these retraining does not correspond to what employers are looking for and need. The education system also does not fully meet the needs of employers. There should be far greater cooperation between the private and public sectors in this area. Other obstacles to the smooth introduction of digitization, automation and robotization trends include moral barriers employers to replace their employees with machines, as well as the willingness of Czech residents to change their qualifications for gaining more lucrative and less physically demanding jobs. For this reason, it can be stated that this issue should be paid much moreattention, especially by the state apparatus of the Czech Republic. Industry 4.0 is at its beginnings for now, so creating room for the necessary changes to be introduced. Countries that fail to create a quality environment for the introduction of Industry 4.0 or neglect this creation are facing major negative impacts at the level of the whole economy and a decline in the standard of living of the population.