Návrh experimentálního systému s možností energetického využití kompostu

Abstract

This thesis examines the possibility of utilizing the heat generated during biomass composting in a single-family home for energy purposes. The main objective of the thesis was to design and implement an experimental system capable of extracting low-grade heat from compost, while also assessing the impact of this intervention on the composting process itself.

The theoretical section provides a review of the issues surrounding biomass, biodegradable waste, and the possibilities for its energy and material utilization. Attention is given to the principles of composting, the individual phases of organic matter decomposition, and factors influencing microbial activity, particularly temperature, moisture, oxygen content, and the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. The review also includes an overview of methods for extracting heat from compost and the possibilities for the practical use of the recovered energy. Based on the findings, an experimental system consisting of composters, a heat exchanger, a circulation loop, and a storage tank was designed and implemented. During the experimental phase, temperature profiles in the composted material, the heat exchanger, and the storage tank were monitored under various operating conditions. At the same time, the influence of the surrounding environment, thermal insulation, and heat extraction intensity on the system’s efficiency was evaluated.

The study further evaluates the influence of heat extraction on the composting process, particularly on the duration of the thermophilic phase, the rate of organic matter decomposition, and the stability of biological processes. The possibility of subsequent vermicomposting of the cooled composted material using earthworms was also experimentally verified. The results showed that heat extraction from compost is technically feasible even under conditions of a small heat source; however, more intensive cooling can negatively affect the course of the thermophilic phase and slow down the decomposition of organic matter.

The conclusion of the study evaluates the practical applicability of the system for the energy utilization of compost and discusses possibilities for its further optimization in terms of heat extraction efficiency and maintaining a high-quality composting process.