Komparace zdanění vybraných investičních nástrojů v případě důchodové daně v podmínkách České republiky

Abstract

In the diploma thesis, the issue of taxation of selected investment instruments under the personal income tax in the Czech Republic is examined. The relevance of the topic is driven by the significant legislative dynamics in the area of personal investment income taxation during the years 2024–2026. The aim of the thesis is the comparison of the tax burden of selected investment instruments for the 2026 tax year, the identification of tax asymmetries and distortions in the applicable legislation, and the assessment of their impact on investment decision-making. The methods of description, comparison and quantification are applied. A model portfolio of selected assets is analysed through five practical scenarios. The comparison demonstrated the existence of tax asymmetries and distortions among individual asset classes. The CZK 100,000 value threshold operates as a notch mechanism, whereby a marginal income increase of CZK 6,000 gives rise to a tax liability of CZK 20,930. The effective tax burden on comparable passive income ranges from 7.6% to 23.0%. The identified deficiencies were systematised and possible directions for their resolution are outlined in the conclusion.