Systém pro snížení hmotnostních koncentrací znečišťujících látek při lokálním vytápění

Abstract

Catalytic converters as a secondary measure to reduce the mass concentrations of pollutants produced by imperfect combustion of solid fuel are well known, however in the field of stationary combustion sources for domestic heating by biomass combustion, this is still a very little used technology. Simultaneously, a comprehensive publication focusing on this issue from different perspectives relevant to both the scientific community and their wider application in practice is missing. The theoretical part of the dissertation thesis is focused on the description of catalysts, the summary of the most important factors influencing the catalytic reaction and the methods of catalyst deactivation. Particular emphasis is aimed at the understanding of previously published studies by foreign authors previously dealing with this topic, especially in the context of stationary combustion sources intended for domestic heating, which was further used in the practical part of the dissertation. The practical part of the dissertation thesis is structured into individual chapters according to the chosen objectives of the dissertation. The process of manufacturing of own catalyst was described in detail and three innovative catalysts designed and manufactured in cooperation with Whitebeam were tested in real operation. A comparison of different methodologies for catalyst characterisation was made, and a proprietary methodology was designed with an innovative approach to eliminating the influence of unstable operation of real combustion stationary sources. This methodology is reproducible and widely applicable with the main objective of making them easier to compare for more effective use of catalysts in engineering practice. An innovative device has been designed and tested to enable this methodology to be applied. The selected catalysts were subjected to partial tests focused on operation in the real flue gas environment resulting from the combustion of biomass-based alternative fuel and tests focused on the safety of operation of the catalysts in a real flue gas environment. The work also describes a previously undescribed application of catalysts as a measure for the reduction of mass concentrations of some pollutants in the flue gases produced during the operation of so-called biolethanol fireplaces.