Advances in biomass and nature-derived ceramic membranes and their environmental applications in wastewater treatment

Abstract

The water shortage crisis and industrial progress have led to the upgrading of wastewater treatment processes. Hence, the remediation of wastewater and removal of contaminants are becoming a significant issue for environmentalists. However, the design and optimization of affordable treatment procedures with better removal performance are still challenging for researchers. Although porous ceramics with excellent porosity are appropriate for the separation and adsorption of wastewater and water pollutants owing to their enlarged surface area, fluid permeability, and capacity for water absorption, their production is an expensive process. Therefore, using low-cost and benign compounds for the production of ceramics is an important issue. This review provides the application of the ceramic manufactured from natural sources and biomass for wastewater treatment and removal of pollutants. The effect of these compounds on the structure and efficiency of ceramics is discussed and suggestions are offered for further research.