Hodnocení vzájemných vztahů mezi parametry kvality venkovního ovzduší

Abstract

The issue of air quality in Ostrava is perceived very emotionally both by public and media. It is a fact that air quality in many places of Ostrava region is unsatisfactory, long-term trend, however, clearly shows improvement. While the average PM10 concentration is at the level of the current limit, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene is still up to 10 times higher than the current limit. On all industrial sources it was technologically successful to reduce emissions of solids, which reflects positively on ambient concentrations of PM10. These significant changes in PM10 do not match lasting high concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene and other PAHs in ambient air. Although the PAHs are largely bound to solids, the mechanism of their formation is clearly very complicated and concentrations affect all types of sources including transmissions, and also plays an important role in meteorology. Studied context provided the origin of “Ostrava’s" PAHs from transport and local heating. Burning of plastic was proven and documented. Energy resources and metallurgical industries influence their immediate surroundings, but on the basis of diagnostic ratios it can be demonstrated that the identified PAHs are a diverse mix of not only one originator. Higher concentrations of PAHs are in turn affected by the temperature and winds circulation. PM10 and PAHs are of a seasonal nature, ie. in winter the concentrations are higher, at PAH, especially at benzo(a)pyrene, however, is this difference much more distinctive. The work has shown that simply reducing emissions of solids for energy, but also other industrial sources will lead to a corresponding reduction in PAHs, or in other words benzo(a)pyrene. According to the results of Ostrava measuring stations, it is necessary to focus the activities especially on the heating season of the year when high emissions of PM10 and PAHs in combination with poor dispersion conditions cause lingering smog situation. We need to find these measures that would be effective and economically viable. Measures implemented only on the energy and industrial sources are expensive, with unclear efficiency in improving the overall air pollution situation.