Sekundární aerosoly v energetice a technologiích

Abstract

The dissertation deals with the occurrence and behaviour of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) and other water-soluble ions in dust particles in the airborne in the Moravian-Silesian region during various meteorological conditions. It was studied the occurrence of SIA and other water-soluble ions within individual grain site classes of dust particles (0.0175-0.156; 0.156-0.258; 0.258-0.384; 0.384 0.606; 0.606-0.952; 0.952-2.48 and 2.48-9.93 µm) at the locality affected predominantly by traffic (Ostrava Poruba, winter 2016) and in a typically urbanized locality affected by transport, industry and local heating (Ostrava Mariánské Hory, 6/2016-2/2017). Furthermore, the occurrence and behaviour of secondary inorganic aerosols and other water-soluble ions in PM10 in 8 selected localities of the Moravian-Silesian Region during the period of exceeded (> 50 µg/m3) and acceptable (<50 µg/m3) air pollution was monitored. The obtained information about origin and conditions of formation of secondary inorganic aerosols and other water-soluble ions contributes to a better understanding about condition of origin and thus facilitates the identification of the sources of air pollutants. Based on the performed chemical and mineralogical analyses, the sources of individual ions were identified. The metallurgical industry was clearly identified as an important source of air pollutants in the Moravian-Silesian Region. The next part of the work deals with the study of different types of standard energy fuels and solid residues (ash with unburned carbon and sediment from boiler walls - "char") after their combustion in boilers of different emission class (2nd and 3rd emission class). The nitrates were the major anion during the winter season in 8 MSK cities. Nitrates and ammonium ions are expected to play an increasingly important role in our future. Globally, emissions of nitrate precursors are expected to increase, and ammonium sulphate aerosols are decrease. Secondary inorganic aerosols and other water-soluble ions can form a significant part of particulate matter in the air, up to 50% of PM10. However, SIA and other ions receive a little attention (in the Czech Republic, i.e. in Europe). The Czech Hydrometeorological Institute of the Czech Republic is monitored only SIA gas precursors and only to a limited extent at specified localities. The secondary inorganic aerosols and other water-soluble ions are not study in a monitoring stations (of manual or automatic air pollution monitoring system) of the Czech Republic.