Investigation of space-time dynamics of perturbed and unperturbed Chen-Lee-Liu equation: Unveiling bifurcations and chaotic structures

Abstract

In this paper, the fractional space-time nonlinear Chen -Lee -Liu equation has been considered using various methods. The investigation of the transition from periodic to quasi -periodic behavior has been conducted using a saddle -node bifurcation approach. The paper reports the conditions of multi -dimensional bifurcations of dynamical solutions. Additionally, a direct algebraic method has been used to calculate various 2D and 3D solitonic structures of the equation, and an analysis of their accuracy and effectiveness has been conducted. Furthermore, the Galilean transformation has been used to convert the equation into a planar dynamical system, which is further utilized to obtain bifurcations and chaotic structures. Chaotic structures of perturbed dynamical system are observed and detected through chaos detecting tools such as 2D -phase portrait, 3D -phase portrait, time series analysis, multistability and Lyapunov exponents over time. Further, sensitivity behavior for a range of initial conditions, both perturbed and unperturbed. The results suggest that the investigated equation exhibits a higher degree of multi-stability.